Cartilage lesions are not the main factor influencing pain and functional impairment in early knee osteoarthritis: a multivariate analysis on intra- and extra-articular factors affecting symptoms in over 200 knees

Aims: To investigate the correlation between symptoms, in terms of pain and functional scores, and the extent of cartilage damage as well as other intra- and extra-articular factors in patients suffering from early knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: The subjects were selected from the Osteoarthritis...

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Main Authors: Luca Bianco Prevot, Alessandro Bensa, Pietro S Randelli, Giuseppe Filardo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: The British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery 2025-07-01
Series:Bone & Joint Open
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Online Access:https://online.boneandjoint.org.uk/doi/epdf/10.1302/2633-1462.67.BJO-2025-0010.R1
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author Luca Bianco Prevot
Alessandro Bensa
Pietro S Randelli
Giuseppe Filardo
author_facet Luca Bianco Prevot
Alessandro Bensa
Pietro S Randelli
Giuseppe Filardo
author_sort Luca Bianco Prevot
collection DOAJ
description Aims: To investigate the correlation between symptoms, in terms of pain and functional scores, and the extent of cartilage damage as well as other intra- and extra-articular factors in patients suffering from early knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: The subjects were selected from the Osteoarthritis Initiative database according to the following inclusion criteria: Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade 0-1-2, MRI at baseline, and availability of cartilage-denuded subchondral bone values. For each patient the following data were analyzed: demographic data, KL grade, percentage of subchondral bone denuded from cartilage, patellar quadriceps tendinitis, effusion, anserine bursa tenderness, meniscal extrusion, Hoffa body synovitis, bone marrow lesions (BML), visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) total score, and WOMAC pain subscale. Results: A total of 204 knees were included in the analysis. The multivariate analysis showed that VAS was influenced by patellar quadriceps tendinitis (p < 0.001/η2 = 0.113), anserine bursa tenderness (p = 0.009/η2 = 0.033), and percentage of cartilage-denuded subchondral bone (p = 0.032/η2 = 0.023). WOMAC was influenced by patellar quadriceps tendinitis (p < 0.001/η2 = 0.118), anserine bursa tenderness (p < 0.001/η2 = 0.060), medial meniscus extrusion (p < 0.001/η2 = 0.066), BML of the lateral compartment (p = 0.015/η2 = 0.029), patellofemoral BML (p = 0.096/η2 = 0.014), and percentage of cartilage-denuded subchondral bone (p = 0.083/η2 = 0.015). The WOMAC pain subscale was influenced by patellar quadriceps tendinitis (p < 0.001/η2 = 0.095), anserine bursa tenderness (p = 0.001/η2 = 0.055), medial meniscal extrusion (p < 0.001/η2 = 0.071), age (p = 0.032/η2 = 0.023), total BML (p = 0.001/η2 = 0.057), and percentage cartilage-denuded subchondral bone of the tibial plateau (p = 0.044/η2 = 0.020). Conclusion: The extent of cartilage damage is not the main factor influencing pain and functional impairment in early knee OA. Other intra- and extra-articular joint OA features, including extensor mechanism tendinitis, anserine bursa tenderness, meniscal extrusion, and BMLs have greater impact in driving patient symptoms. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2025;6(7):828–835.
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spelling doaj-art-ccdb31700513485b837a6729bc46aaa62025-08-20T03:58:49ZengThe British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint SurgeryBone & Joint Open2633-14622025-07-016782883510.1302/2633-1462.67.BJO-2025-0010.R1Cartilage lesions are not the main factor influencing pain and functional impairment in early knee osteoarthritis: a multivariate analysis on intra- and extra-articular factors affecting symptoms in over 200 kneesLuca Bianco Prevot0Alessandro Bensa1Pietro S Randelli2Giuseppe Filardo3Residency Program in Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Milan, Milan, ItalyService of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgery, EOC, Lugano, SwitzerlandFirst Orthopedics Clinic, ASST Centro Specialistico Ortopedico Traumatologico Gaetano Pini-CTO, Milan, ItalyService of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgery, EOC, Lugano, SwitzerlandAims: To investigate the correlation between symptoms, in terms of pain and functional scores, and the extent of cartilage damage as well as other intra- and extra-articular factors in patients suffering from early knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: The subjects were selected from the Osteoarthritis Initiative database according to the following inclusion criteria: Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade 0-1-2, MRI at baseline, and availability of cartilage-denuded subchondral bone values. For each patient the following data were analyzed: demographic data, KL grade, percentage of subchondral bone denuded from cartilage, patellar quadriceps tendinitis, effusion, anserine bursa tenderness, meniscal extrusion, Hoffa body synovitis, bone marrow lesions (BML), visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) total score, and WOMAC pain subscale. Results: A total of 204 knees were included in the analysis. The multivariate analysis showed that VAS was influenced by patellar quadriceps tendinitis (p < 0.001/η2 = 0.113), anserine bursa tenderness (p = 0.009/η2 = 0.033), and percentage of cartilage-denuded subchondral bone (p = 0.032/η2 = 0.023). WOMAC was influenced by patellar quadriceps tendinitis (p < 0.001/η2 = 0.118), anserine bursa tenderness (p < 0.001/η2 = 0.060), medial meniscus extrusion (p < 0.001/η2 = 0.066), BML of the lateral compartment (p = 0.015/η2 = 0.029), patellofemoral BML (p = 0.096/η2 = 0.014), and percentage of cartilage-denuded subchondral bone (p = 0.083/η2 = 0.015). The WOMAC pain subscale was influenced by patellar quadriceps tendinitis (p < 0.001/η2 = 0.095), anserine bursa tenderness (p = 0.001/η2 = 0.055), medial meniscal extrusion (p < 0.001/η2 = 0.071), age (p = 0.032/η2 = 0.023), total BML (p = 0.001/η2 = 0.057), and percentage cartilage-denuded subchondral bone of the tibial plateau (p = 0.044/η2 = 0.020). Conclusion: The extent of cartilage damage is not the main factor influencing pain and functional impairment in early knee OA. Other intra- and extra-articular joint OA features, including extensor mechanism tendinitis, anserine bursa tenderness, meniscal extrusion, and BMLs have greater impact in driving patient symptoms. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2025;6(7):828–835.https://online.boneandjoint.org.uk/doi/epdf/10.1302/2633-1462.67.BJO-2025-0010.R1early osteoarthritissymptomskneecartilage lesionsknee osteoarthritiscartilage lesionswestern ontario and mcmaster universities osteoarthritis indextendinitiscartilagebone marrow lesions (bml)subchondral bonekneesquadricepsmeniscal extrusion
spellingShingle Luca Bianco Prevot
Alessandro Bensa
Pietro S Randelli
Giuseppe Filardo
Cartilage lesions are not the main factor influencing pain and functional impairment in early knee osteoarthritis: a multivariate analysis on intra- and extra-articular factors affecting symptoms in over 200 knees
Bone & Joint Open
early osteoarthritis
symptoms
knee
cartilage lesions
knee osteoarthritis
cartilage lesions
western ontario and mcmaster universities osteoarthritis index
tendinitis
cartilage
bone marrow lesions (bml)
subchondral bone
knees
quadriceps
meniscal extrusion
title Cartilage lesions are not the main factor influencing pain and functional impairment in early knee osteoarthritis: a multivariate analysis on intra- and extra-articular factors affecting symptoms in over 200 knees
title_full Cartilage lesions are not the main factor influencing pain and functional impairment in early knee osteoarthritis: a multivariate analysis on intra- and extra-articular factors affecting symptoms in over 200 knees
title_fullStr Cartilage lesions are not the main factor influencing pain and functional impairment in early knee osteoarthritis: a multivariate analysis on intra- and extra-articular factors affecting symptoms in over 200 knees
title_full_unstemmed Cartilage lesions are not the main factor influencing pain and functional impairment in early knee osteoarthritis: a multivariate analysis on intra- and extra-articular factors affecting symptoms in over 200 knees
title_short Cartilage lesions are not the main factor influencing pain and functional impairment in early knee osteoarthritis: a multivariate analysis on intra- and extra-articular factors affecting symptoms in over 200 knees
title_sort cartilage lesions are not the main factor influencing pain and functional impairment in early knee osteoarthritis a multivariate analysis on intra and extra articular factors affecting symptoms in over 200 knees
topic early osteoarthritis
symptoms
knee
cartilage lesions
knee osteoarthritis
cartilage lesions
western ontario and mcmaster universities osteoarthritis index
tendinitis
cartilage
bone marrow lesions (bml)
subchondral bone
knees
quadriceps
meniscal extrusion
url https://online.boneandjoint.org.uk/doi/epdf/10.1302/2633-1462.67.BJO-2025-0010.R1
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