The effect of exercise on GDF‐15 levels in individuals with prediabetes: A randomized controlled trial

ABSTRACT Aims Growth differentiation factor‐15 (GDF‐15) is an inflammatory cytokine that increases in prediabetes and is known for its anorexigenic effects. This study aims to evaluate the effects of a 12‐week exercise program on GDF‐15 in individuals with prediabetes. Materials and Methods In this...

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Main Authors: Elif Yıldırım Ayaz, Banu Mesci, Özden Ezgi Üner, Fatoş Nimet Kaya, Berna Dincer, Ferruh Kemal İşman, Aytekin Oğuz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-04-01
Series:Journal of Diabetes Investigation
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.14404
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author Elif Yıldırım Ayaz
Banu Mesci
Özden Ezgi Üner
Fatoş Nimet Kaya
Berna Dincer
Ferruh Kemal İşman
Aytekin Oğuz
author_facet Elif Yıldırım Ayaz
Banu Mesci
Özden Ezgi Üner
Fatoş Nimet Kaya
Berna Dincer
Ferruh Kemal İşman
Aytekin Oğuz
author_sort Elif Yıldırım Ayaz
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Aims Growth differentiation factor‐15 (GDF‐15) is an inflammatory cytokine that increases in prediabetes and is known for its anorexigenic effects. This study aims to evaluate the effects of a 12‐week exercise program on GDF‐15 in individuals with prediabetes. Materials and Methods In this multicenter, parallel‐group, randomized‐controlled trial, 64 patients aged 18–60 diagnosed with prediabetes were randomized in a 1:1 ratio into the exercise group (E) and the control group (C). Additionally, 32 patients who were planned to start metformin were included in the metformin group (M). Participants in the exercise group engaged in aerobic exercise at 50–70% of their maximum heart rate for 60 min, 3 days a week. Serum GDF‐15 levels were evaluated at the beginning and the end of the 12th week. Results The mean age of the 91 participants who completed the study was 46.13 ± 8.52 years, and 23.1% were male. Basal GDF‐15 levels were similar among the groups (E = 668.6 ± 415.1, C = 651.8 ± 352.5, M = 603.6 ± 387.2, P = 0.47). At the 12th week, GDF‐15 levels were lower in the E compared to the C, while higher in the M compared to the C (E = 383.1 ± 215.6, C = 556.4 ± 285.6, M = 810.8 ± 498.0, P < 0.001). In inter‐group comparisons, no significant change was observed in the C between the 0th and 12th weeks, while GDF‐15 decreased in the E (P < 0.001) and increased in the M (P < 0.001). Conclusions It was determined that in individuals with prediabetes, GDF‐15, which serves both as a biomarker of metabolic disorder and has a negative regulatory effect on appetite, decreased with 12 weeks of aerobic exercise and increased with metformin administration.
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publishDate 2025-04-01
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spelling doaj-art-ccd8a6d8126e47bba5d8eee9ffc2d4472025-08-20T03:07:32ZengWileyJournal of Diabetes Investigation2040-11162040-11242025-04-0116465666910.1111/jdi.14404The effect of exercise on GDF‐15 levels in individuals with prediabetes: A randomized controlled trialElif Yıldırım Ayaz0Banu Mesci1Özden Ezgi Üner2Fatoş Nimet Kaya3Berna Dincer4Ferruh Kemal İşman5Aytekin Oğuz6Sultan 2. Abdülhamid Han Training and Research Hospital University of Health Sciences Üsküdar, İstanbul TurkeyGöztepe Prof. Dr. Süleyman Yalçın City Hospital Istanbul Medeniyet University İstanbul TurkeyFatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital University of Health Sciences Üsküdar, İstanbul TurkeyGöztepe Prof. Dr. Süleyman Yalçın City Hospital İstanbul TurkeyFaculty of Health Sciences Istanbul Medeniyet University İstanbul TurkeyGöztepe Prof. Dr. Süleyman Yalçın City Hospital Istanbul Medeniyet University İstanbul TurkeyGöztepe Prof. Dr. Süleyman Yalçın City Hospital Istanbul Medeniyet University İstanbul TurkeyABSTRACT Aims Growth differentiation factor‐15 (GDF‐15) is an inflammatory cytokine that increases in prediabetes and is known for its anorexigenic effects. This study aims to evaluate the effects of a 12‐week exercise program on GDF‐15 in individuals with prediabetes. Materials and Methods In this multicenter, parallel‐group, randomized‐controlled trial, 64 patients aged 18–60 diagnosed with prediabetes were randomized in a 1:1 ratio into the exercise group (E) and the control group (C). Additionally, 32 patients who were planned to start metformin were included in the metformin group (M). Participants in the exercise group engaged in aerobic exercise at 50–70% of their maximum heart rate for 60 min, 3 days a week. Serum GDF‐15 levels were evaluated at the beginning and the end of the 12th week. Results The mean age of the 91 participants who completed the study was 46.13 ± 8.52 years, and 23.1% were male. Basal GDF‐15 levels were similar among the groups (E = 668.6 ± 415.1, C = 651.8 ± 352.5, M = 603.6 ± 387.2, P = 0.47). At the 12th week, GDF‐15 levels were lower in the E compared to the C, while higher in the M compared to the C (E = 383.1 ± 215.6, C = 556.4 ± 285.6, M = 810.8 ± 498.0, P < 0.001). In inter‐group comparisons, no significant change was observed in the C between the 0th and 12th weeks, while GDF‐15 decreased in the E (P < 0.001) and increased in the M (P < 0.001). Conclusions It was determined that in individuals with prediabetes, GDF‐15, which serves both as a biomarker of metabolic disorder and has a negative regulatory effect on appetite, decreased with 12 weeks of aerobic exercise and increased with metformin administration.https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.14404ExerciseGDF‐15Prediabetes
spellingShingle Elif Yıldırım Ayaz
Banu Mesci
Özden Ezgi Üner
Fatoş Nimet Kaya
Berna Dincer
Ferruh Kemal İşman
Aytekin Oğuz
The effect of exercise on GDF‐15 levels in individuals with prediabetes: A randomized controlled trial
Journal of Diabetes Investigation
Exercise
GDF‐15
Prediabetes
title The effect of exercise on GDF‐15 levels in individuals with prediabetes: A randomized controlled trial
title_full The effect of exercise on GDF‐15 levels in individuals with prediabetes: A randomized controlled trial
title_fullStr The effect of exercise on GDF‐15 levels in individuals with prediabetes: A randomized controlled trial
title_full_unstemmed The effect of exercise on GDF‐15 levels in individuals with prediabetes: A randomized controlled trial
title_short The effect of exercise on GDF‐15 levels in individuals with prediabetes: A randomized controlled trial
title_sort effect of exercise on gdf 15 levels in individuals with prediabetes a randomized controlled trial
topic Exercise
GDF‐15
Prediabetes
url https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.14404
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