The gut microbial metabolite indole-3-aldehyde alleviates impaired intestinal development by promoting intestinal stem cell expansion in weaned piglets

Abstract Background Weaning stress-induced diarrhea is widely recognized as being associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis. However, it has been challenging to clarify which specific intestinal microbiota and their metabolites play a crucial role in the antidiarrhea process of weaned piglets. Result...

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Main Authors: Jiaqi Zhang, Yahui Chen, Xin Guo, Xuan Li, Ruofan Zhang, Mengting Wang, Weiyun Zhu, Kaifan Yu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-11-01
Series:Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-024-01111-7
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author Jiaqi Zhang
Yahui Chen
Xin Guo
Xuan Li
Ruofan Zhang
Mengting Wang
Weiyun Zhu
Kaifan Yu
author_facet Jiaqi Zhang
Yahui Chen
Xin Guo
Xuan Li
Ruofan Zhang
Mengting Wang
Weiyun Zhu
Kaifan Yu
author_sort Jiaqi Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Weaning stress-induced diarrhea is widely recognized as being associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis. However, it has been challenging to clarify which specific intestinal microbiota and their metabolites play a crucial role in the antidiarrhea process of weaned piglets. Results In this study, we first observed that piglets with diarrhea exhibited a lower average daily gain and higher diarrhea score, and elevated levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and D-lactate (D-LA) compared to healthy piglets. Subsequently, we analyzed the differences in intestinal microbial composition and metabolite levels between healthy and diarrheal weaned piglets. Diarrheal piglets demonstrated intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, characterized primarily by a higher Firmicutes to Bacteroidota ratio, a deficiency of Lactobacillus amylovorus and Lactobacillus reuteri, and an increased abundance of Bacteroides sp.HF-5287 and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. Functional profiling of the gut microbiota based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) data was performed, and the results showed that tryptophan metabolism was the most significantly inhibited pathway in piglets with diarrhea. Most tryptophan metabolites were detected at lower concentrations in diarrheal piglets than in healthy piglets. Furthermore, we explored the effects of dietary indole-3-aldehyde (IAld), a key tryptophan metabolite, on intestinal development and gut barrier function in weaned piglets. Supplementation with 100 mg/kg IAld in the diet increased the small intestine index and improved intestinal barrier function by promoting intestinal stem cell (ISC) expansion in piglets. The promotion of ISC expansion by IAld was also confirmed in porcine intestinal organoids. Conclusions These findings revealed that intestinal microbial tryptophan metabolite IAld alleviates impaired intestinal development by promoting ISC expansion in weaned piglets.
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spelling doaj-art-ccc3ff72c7fc440ab15552a9b1a8d5502025-08-20T02:13:40ZengBMCJournal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2049-18912024-11-0115111610.1186/s40104-024-01111-7The gut microbial metabolite indole-3-aldehyde alleviates impaired intestinal development by promoting intestinal stem cell expansion in weaned pigletsJiaqi Zhang0Yahui Chen1Xin Guo2Xuan Li3Ruofan Zhang4Mengting Wang5Weiyun Zhu6Kaifan Yu7Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityLaboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityLaboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityLaboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityLaboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityLaboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityLaboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityLaboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityAbstract Background Weaning stress-induced diarrhea is widely recognized as being associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis. However, it has been challenging to clarify which specific intestinal microbiota and their metabolites play a crucial role in the antidiarrhea process of weaned piglets. Results In this study, we first observed that piglets with diarrhea exhibited a lower average daily gain and higher diarrhea score, and elevated levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and D-lactate (D-LA) compared to healthy piglets. Subsequently, we analyzed the differences in intestinal microbial composition and metabolite levels between healthy and diarrheal weaned piglets. Diarrheal piglets demonstrated intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, characterized primarily by a higher Firmicutes to Bacteroidota ratio, a deficiency of Lactobacillus amylovorus and Lactobacillus reuteri, and an increased abundance of Bacteroides sp.HF-5287 and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. Functional profiling of the gut microbiota based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) data was performed, and the results showed that tryptophan metabolism was the most significantly inhibited pathway in piglets with diarrhea. Most tryptophan metabolites were detected at lower concentrations in diarrheal piglets than in healthy piglets. Furthermore, we explored the effects of dietary indole-3-aldehyde (IAld), a key tryptophan metabolite, on intestinal development and gut barrier function in weaned piglets. Supplementation with 100 mg/kg IAld in the diet increased the small intestine index and improved intestinal barrier function by promoting intestinal stem cell (ISC) expansion in piglets. The promotion of ISC expansion by IAld was also confirmed in porcine intestinal organoids. Conclusions These findings revealed that intestinal microbial tryptophan metabolite IAld alleviates impaired intestinal development by promoting ISC expansion in weaned piglets.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-024-01111-7Indole-3-aldehydeIntestinal developmentIntestinal microbiotaIntestinal stem cellWeaned piglets
spellingShingle Jiaqi Zhang
Yahui Chen
Xin Guo
Xuan Li
Ruofan Zhang
Mengting Wang
Weiyun Zhu
Kaifan Yu
The gut microbial metabolite indole-3-aldehyde alleviates impaired intestinal development by promoting intestinal stem cell expansion in weaned piglets
Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology
Indole-3-aldehyde
Intestinal development
Intestinal microbiota
Intestinal stem cell
Weaned piglets
title The gut microbial metabolite indole-3-aldehyde alleviates impaired intestinal development by promoting intestinal stem cell expansion in weaned piglets
title_full The gut microbial metabolite indole-3-aldehyde alleviates impaired intestinal development by promoting intestinal stem cell expansion in weaned piglets
title_fullStr The gut microbial metabolite indole-3-aldehyde alleviates impaired intestinal development by promoting intestinal stem cell expansion in weaned piglets
title_full_unstemmed The gut microbial metabolite indole-3-aldehyde alleviates impaired intestinal development by promoting intestinal stem cell expansion in weaned piglets
title_short The gut microbial metabolite indole-3-aldehyde alleviates impaired intestinal development by promoting intestinal stem cell expansion in weaned piglets
title_sort gut microbial metabolite indole 3 aldehyde alleviates impaired intestinal development by promoting intestinal stem cell expansion in weaned piglets
topic Indole-3-aldehyde
Intestinal development
Intestinal microbiota
Intestinal stem cell
Weaned piglets
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-024-01111-7
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