Hybrid Immunity Overcomes Defective Immune Response to COVID-19 Vaccination in Kidney Transplant Recipients

Introduction: Comorbidities and immunosuppressive therapies are associated with reduced immune responses to primary COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). In healthy individuals, prior SARS-COV-2 infection is associated with increased vaccine responses, a phenotype called...

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Main Authors: Nicolas Gemander, Delphine Kemlin, Stéphanie Depickère, Natasha S. Kelkar, Pieter Pannus, Shilpee Sharma, Alexandra Waegemans, Véronique Olislagers, Daphnée Georges, Emilie Dhondt, Margarida Braga, Leo Heyndrickx, Johan Michiels, Anaïs Thiriard, Anne Lemy, Marylène Vandevenne, Maria E. Goossens, André Matagne, Isabelle Desombere, Kevin K. Ariën, Margaret E. Ackerman, Alain Le Moine, Arnaud Marchant
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-03-01
Series:Kidney International Reports
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468024923016303
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author Nicolas Gemander
Delphine Kemlin
Stéphanie Depickère
Natasha S. Kelkar
Pieter Pannus
Shilpee Sharma
Alexandra Waegemans
Véronique Olislagers
Daphnée Georges
Emilie Dhondt
Margarida Braga
Leo Heyndrickx
Johan Michiels
Anaïs Thiriard
Anne Lemy
Marylène Vandevenne
Maria E. Goossens
André Matagne
Isabelle Desombere
Kevin K. Ariën
Margaret E. Ackerman
Alain Le Moine
Arnaud Marchant
author_facet Nicolas Gemander
Delphine Kemlin
Stéphanie Depickère
Natasha S. Kelkar
Pieter Pannus
Shilpee Sharma
Alexandra Waegemans
Véronique Olislagers
Daphnée Georges
Emilie Dhondt
Margarida Braga
Leo Heyndrickx
Johan Michiels
Anaïs Thiriard
Anne Lemy
Marylène Vandevenne
Maria E. Goossens
André Matagne
Isabelle Desombere
Kevin K. Ariën
Margaret E. Ackerman
Alain Le Moine
Arnaud Marchant
author_sort Nicolas Gemander
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Comorbidities and immunosuppressive therapies are associated with reduced immune responses to primary COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). In healthy individuals, prior SARS-COV-2 infection is associated with increased vaccine responses, a phenotype called hybrid immunity. In this study, we explored the potential influence of immune suppression on hybrid immunity in KTRs. Methods: Eighty-two KTRs, including 59 SARS-CoV-2-naïve (naïve KTRs [N-KTRs]) and 23 SARS-CoV-2-experienced (experienced KTRs [E-KTRs]) patients, were prospectively studied and compared to 106 healthy controls (HCs), including 40 SARS-CoV-2-naïve (N-HCs) and 66 SARS-CoV-2-experienced (E-HCs) subjects. Polyfunctional antibody and T cell responses were measured following 2 doses of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. Associations between vaccine responses and clinical characteristics were studied by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: In naïve KTRs, vaccine responses were markedly lower than in HCs and were correlated with older age, more recent transplantation, kidney retransplantation after graft failure, arterial hypertension, and treatment with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). In contrast, vaccine responses of E-KTRs were similar to those of HCs and were associated with time between transplantation and vaccination, but not with the other risk factors associated with low vaccine responses in naïve KTRs. Conclusion: In conclusion, hybrid immunity overcomes immune suppression and provides potent humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in KTRs.
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spelling doaj-art-ccbac7558afb472288ecfffd6344f8ec2025-08-20T02:31:47ZengElsevierKidney International Reports2468-02492024-03-019363564810.1016/j.ekir.2023.12.008Hybrid Immunity Overcomes Defective Immune Response to COVID-19 Vaccination in Kidney Transplant RecipientsNicolas Gemander0Delphine Kemlin1Stéphanie Depickère2Natasha S. Kelkar3Pieter Pannus4Shilpee Sharma5Alexandra Waegemans6Véronique Olislagers7Daphnée Georges8Emilie Dhondt9Margarida Braga10Leo Heyndrickx11Johan Michiels12Anaïs Thiriard13Anne Lemy14Marylène Vandevenne15Maria E. Goossens16André Matagne17Isabelle Desombere18Kevin K. Ariën19Margaret E. Ackerman20Alain Le Moine21Arnaud Marchant22Institute for Medical Immunology and Université Libre de Bruxelles Centre for Research in Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium; Correspondence: Nicolas Gemander, Institute for Medical Immunology and Université Libre de Bruxelles Centre for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Erasme campus. 808, route de Lennik. 1070 Anderlecht. Brussels, Belgium.Institute for Medical Immunology and Université Libre de Bruxelles Centre for Research in Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium; Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, BelgiumClinical Trial Unit, Scientific Direction Infectious Diseases in Humans, Sciensano, Brussels, BelgiumDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USAInstitute for Medical Immunology and Université Libre de Bruxelles Centre for Research in Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, BelgiumInstitute for Medical Immunology and Université Libre de Bruxelles Centre for Research in Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, BelgiumInstitute for Medical Immunology and Université Libre de Bruxelles Centre for Research in Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, BelgiumInstitute for Medical Immunology and Université Libre de Bruxelles Centre for Research in Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, BelgiumInstitute for Medical Immunology and Université Libre de Bruxelles Centre for Research in Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium; Laboratory of Enzymology and Protein Folding, Centre for Protein Engineering, InBioS, University of Liège, Liège, BelgiumVirology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, BelgiumVirology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, BelgiumVirology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, BelgiumVirology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, BelgiumInstitute for Medical Immunology and Université Libre de Bruxelles Centre for Research in Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, BelgiumDepartment of Nephrology, Marie Curie Hospital, Charleroi, BelgiumLaboratory of Enzymology and Protein Folding, Centre for Protein Engineering, InBioS, University of Liège, Liège, BelgiumClinical Trial Unit, Scientific Direction Infectious Diseases in Humans, Sciensano, Brussels, BelgiumLaboratory of Enzymology and Protein Folding, Centre for Protein Engineering, InBioS, University of Liège, Liège, BelgiumLaboratory of Immune Response, Scientific Direction Infectious Diseases in Humans, Sciensano, Brussels, BelgiumVirology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, BelgiumDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA; Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USAInstitute for Medical Immunology and Université Libre de Bruxelles Centre for Research in Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium; Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, BelgiumInstitute for Medical Immunology and Université Libre de Bruxelles Centre for Research in Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, BelgiumIntroduction: Comorbidities and immunosuppressive therapies are associated with reduced immune responses to primary COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). In healthy individuals, prior SARS-COV-2 infection is associated with increased vaccine responses, a phenotype called hybrid immunity. In this study, we explored the potential influence of immune suppression on hybrid immunity in KTRs. Methods: Eighty-two KTRs, including 59 SARS-CoV-2-naïve (naïve KTRs [N-KTRs]) and 23 SARS-CoV-2-experienced (experienced KTRs [E-KTRs]) patients, were prospectively studied and compared to 106 healthy controls (HCs), including 40 SARS-CoV-2-naïve (N-HCs) and 66 SARS-CoV-2-experienced (E-HCs) subjects. Polyfunctional antibody and T cell responses were measured following 2 doses of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. Associations between vaccine responses and clinical characteristics were studied by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: In naïve KTRs, vaccine responses were markedly lower than in HCs and were correlated with older age, more recent transplantation, kidney retransplantation after graft failure, arterial hypertension, and treatment with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). In contrast, vaccine responses of E-KTRs were similar to those of HCs and were associated with time between transplantation and vaccination, but not with the other risk factors associated with low vaccine responses in naïve KTRs. Conclusion: In conclusion, hybrid immunity overcomes immune suppression and provides potent humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in KTRs.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468024923016303COVID-19hybrid immunitykidney transplantationmRNA vaccinationnonneutralizing antibodiessystems immunology
spellingShingle Nicolas Gemander
Delphine Kemlin
Stéphanie Depickère
Natasha S. Kelkar
Pieter Pannus
Shilpee Sharma
Alexandra Waegemans
Véronique Olislagers
Daphnée Georges
Emilie Dhondt
Margarida Braga
Leo Heyndrickx
Johan Michiels
Anaïs Thiriard
Anne Lemy
Marylène Vandevenne
Maria E. Goossens
André Matagne
Isabelle Desombere
Kevin K. Ariën
Margaret E. Ackerman
Alain Le Moine
Arnaud Marchant
Hybrid Immunity Overcomes Defective Immune Response to COVID-19 Vaccination in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Kidney International Reports
COVID-19
hybrid immunity
kidney transplantation
mRNA vaccination
nonneutralizing antibodies
systems immunology
title Hybrid Immunity Overcomes Defective Immune Response to COVID-19 Vaccination in Kidney Transplant Recipients
title_full Hybrid Immunity Overcomes Defective Immune Response to COVID-19 Vaccination in Kidney Transplant Recipients
title_fullStr Hybrid Immunity Overcomes Defective Immune Response to COVID-19 Vaccination in Kidney Transplant Recipients
title_full_unstemmed Hybrid Immunity Overcomes Defective Immune Response to COVID-19 Vaccination in Kidney Transplant Recipients
title_short Hybrid Immunity Overcomes Defective Immune Response to COVID-19 Vaccination in Kidney Transplant Recipients
title_sort hybrid immunity overcomes defective immune response to covid 19 vaccination in kidney transplant recipients
topic COVID-19
hybrid immunity
kidney transplantation
mRNA vaccination
nonneutralizing antibodies
systems immunology
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468024923016303
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