Respiration defects limit serine synthesis required for lung cancer growth and survival

Abstract Mitochondrial function supports energy and anabolic metabolism. Pathogenic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations impair these processes, causing mitochondrial diseases. Their role in human cancers is less clear; while some cancers harbor high mtDNA mutation burden, others do not. Here we show...

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Main Authors: Eduardo Cararo Lopes, Fuqian Shi, Akshada Sawant, Maria Ibrahim, Maria Gomez-Jenkins, Zhixian Hu, Pranav Manchiraju, Vrushank Bhatt, Wenping Wang, Christian S. Hinrichs, Douglas C. Wallace, Xiaoyang Su, Joshua D. Rabinowitz, Chang S. Chan, Jessie Yanxiang Guo, Shridar Ganesan, Edmund C. Lattime, Eileen White
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62911-7
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author Eduardo Cararo Lopes
Fuqian Shi
Akshada Sawant
Maria Ibrahim
Maria Gomez-Jenkins
Zhixian Hu
Pranav Manchiraju
Vrushank Bhatt
Wenping Wang
Christian S. Hinrichs
Douglas C. Wallace
Xiaoyang Su
Joshua D. Rabinowitz
Chang S. Chan
Jessie Yanxiang Guo
Shridar Ganesan
Edmund C. Lattime
Eileen White
author_facet Eduardo Cararo Lopes
Fuqian Shi
Akshada Sawant
Maria Ibrahim
Maria Gomez-Jenkins
Zhixian Hu
Pranav Manchiraju
Vrushank Bhatt
Wenping Wang
Christian S. Hinrichs
Douglas C. Wallace
Xiaoyang Su
Joshua D. Rabinowitz
Chang S. Chan
Jessie Yanxiang Guo
Shridar Ganesan
Edmund C. Lattime
Eileen White
author_sort Eduardo Cararo Lopes
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Mitochondrial function supports energy and anabolic metabolism. Pathogenic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations impair these processes, causing mitochondrial diseases. Their role in human cancers is less clear; while some cancers harbor high mtDNA mutation burden, others do not. Here we show that a proofreading mutant of DNA polymerase gamma (PolGD256A) increases the mtDNA mutation burden in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This mutation promotes the accumulation of defective mitochondria, reduces tumor cell proliferation and viability, and improves cancer survival. In NSCLC, pathogenic mtDNA mutations enhance glycolysis and create a glucose dependency to support mitochondrial energy, but at the expense of a lower NAD+/NADH ratio that hinders de novo serine synthesis. Thus, mitochondrial function in NSCLC is essential for maintaining adequate serine synthesis, which in turn supports the anabolic metabolism and redox homeostasis required for tumor growth, explaining why these cancers preserve functional mtDNA.
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spelling doaj-art-ccabe562ba9f477fb4eeea28af96b3db2025-08-20T03:05:10ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-08-0116111710.1038/s41467-025-62911-7Respiration defects limit serine synthesis required for lung cancer growth and survivalEduardo Cararo Lopes0Fuqian Shi1Akshada Sawant2Maria Ibrahim3Maria Gomez-Jenkins4Zhixian Hu5Pranav Manchiraju6Vrushank Bhatt7Wenping Wang8Christian S. Hinrichs9Douglas C. Wallace10Xiaoyang Su11Joshua D. Rabinowitz12Chang S. Chan13Jessie Yanxiang Guo14Shridar Ganesan15Edmund C. Lattime16Eileen White17Rutgers Cancer InstituteRutgers Cancer InstituteRutgers Cancer InstituteRutgers Cancer InstituteRutgers Cancer InstituteRutgers Cancer InstituteRutgers Cancer InstituteRutgers Cancer InstituteRutgers Cancer InstituteRutgers Cancer InstituteCenter for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaRutgers Cancer InstituteRutgers Cancer InstituteRutgers Cancer InstituteRutgers Cancer InstituteRutgers Cancer InstituteRutgers Cancer InstituteRutgers Cancer InstituteAbstract Mitochondrial function supports energy and anabolic metabolism. Pathogenic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations impair these processes, causing mitochondrial diseases. Their role in human cancers is less clear; while some cancers harbor high mtDNA mutation burden, others do not. Here we show that a proofreading mutant of DNA polymerase gamma (PolGD256A) increases the mtDNA mutation burden in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This mutation promotes the accumulation of defective mitochondria, reduces tumor cell proliferation and viability, and improves cancer survival. In NSCLC, pathogenic mtDNA mutations enhance glycolysis and create a glucose dependency to support mitochondrial energy, but at the expense of a lower NAD+/NADH ratio that hinders de novo serine synthesis. Thus, mitochondrial function in NSCLC is essential for maintaining adequate serine synthesis, which in turn supports the anabolic metabolism and redox homeostasis required for tumor growth, explaining why these cancers preserve functional mtDNA.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62911-7
spellingShingle Eduardo Cararo Lopes
Fuqian Shi
Akshada Sawant
Maria Ibrahim
Maria Gomez-Jenkins
Zhixian Hu
Pranav Manchiraju
Vrushank Bhatt
Wenping Wang
Christian S. Hinrichs
Douglas C. Wallace
Xiaoyang Su
Joshua D. Rabinowitz
Chang S. Chan
Jessie Yanxiang Guo
Shridar Ganesan
Edmund C. Lattime
Eileen White
Respiration defects limit serine synthesis required for lung cancer growth and survival
Nature Communications
title Respiration defects limit serine synthesis required for lung cancer growth and survival
title_full Respiration defects limit serine synthesis required for lung cancer growth and survival
title_fullStr Respiration defects limit serine synthesis required for lung cancer growth and survival
title_full_unstemmed Respiration defects limit serine synthesis required for lung cancer growth and survival
title_short Respiration defects limit serine synthesis required for lung cancer growth and survival
title_sort respiration defects limit serine synthesis required for lung cancer growth and survival
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62911-7
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