Independent and joint impacts of high body mass index and aging on global burden of chronic kidney disease: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
IntroductionWe aimed to evaluate the levels and trends of CKD burden associated with high body mass index (BMI) from 1990 to 2021 and to investigate the role of aging.MethodsFrom the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, we retrieved data and estimated CKD-related deaths, disability-adjusted life yea...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1582534/full |
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| author | Yao Ma Shun Chen Yuanli Shen Xiang Wang Xinning Xie Weihong Zhao |
| author_facet | Yao Ma Shun Chen Yuanli Shen Xiang Wang Xinning Xie Weihong Zhao |
| author_sort | Yao Ma |
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| description | IntroductionWe aimed to evaluate the levels and trends of CKD burden associated with high body mass index (BMI) from 1990 to 2021 and to investigate the role of aging.MethodsFrom the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, we retrieved data and estimated CKD-related deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) attributable to high BMI by age, sex, socio-demographic index (SDI), and geographical regions. We calculated the estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) from 1990 to 2021 and projected attributable CKD burden through 2050. A cluster analysis was performed to identify changing patterns. We also used the decomposition analysis to evaluate the role of aging in observed trends.ResultsGlobally, high BMI was responsible for 418,402 CKD-related deaths and 1.04 million DALYs in 2021. The ASMR and ASDR were 5.06 and 122.08 per 100,000 population, showing an increasing trend from 1990 to 2021. The predicted results indicated that the attributable CKD burden will continue to rise through 2050. Males exhibited higher ASRs and EAPCs. Substantial geographic and regional disparities were observed, with an inverted “U”-shaped relationship between ASRs and SDI. With advancing age, the burden increased consistently, and sex differences varied. Decomposition analysis revealed that population aging was one contributing factor to the observed trends.ConclusionGlobal CKD burden attributable to high BMI remains substantial. These findings underscore the urgency to address the growing public health challenge posed by obesity. Given the age, sex, and geographic differences, targeted strategies are needed. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj-art-cc826f2d5a7c49b9bc5e6ce55f37372d2025-08-20T03:32:23ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2025-07-011210.3389/fnut.2025.15825341582534Independent and joint impacts of high body mass index and aging on global burden of chronic kidney disease: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021Yao Ma0Shun Chen1Yuanli Shen2Xiang Wang3Xinning Xie4Weihong Zhao5Division of Nephrology, Department of Geriatrics, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology, Diannan Central Hospital of Yunnan Province, Honghe First People’s Hospital, Mengzi, Yunnan, ChinaDivision of Nephrology, Department of Geriatrics, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, ChinaDivision of Nephrology, Department of Geriatrics, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, ChinaDivision of Nephrology, Department of Geriatrics, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, ChinaIntroductionWe aimed to evaluate the levels and trends of CKD burden associated with high body mass index (BMI) from 1990 to 2021 and to investigate the role of aging.MethodsFrom the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, we retrieved data and estimated CKD-related deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) attributable to high BMI by age, sex, socio-demographic index (SDI), and geographical regions. We calculated the estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) from 1990 to 2021 and projected attributable CKD burden through 2050. A cluster analysis was performed to identify changing patterns. We also used the decomposition analysis to evaluate the role of aging in observed trends.ResultsGlobally, high BMI was responsible for 418,402 CKD-related deaths and 1.04 million DALYs in 2021. The ASMR and ASDR were 5.06 and 122.08 per 100,000 population, showing an increasing trend from 1990 to 2021. The predicted results indicated that the attributable CKD burden will continue to rise through 2050. Males exhibited higher ASRs and EAPCs. Substantial geographic and regional disparities were observed, with an inverted “U”-shaped relationship between ASRs and SDI. With advancing age, the burden increased consistently, and sex differences varied. Decomposition analysis revealed that population aging was one contributing factor to the observed trends.ConclusionGlobal CKD burden attributable to high BMI remains substantial. These findings underscore the urgency to address the growing public health challenge posed by obesity. Given the age, sex, and geographic differences, targeted strategies are needed.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1582534/fullbody mass indexagingchronic kidney diseasedeathsdisability-adjusted life years |
| spellingShingle | Yao Ma Shun Chen Yuanli Shen Xiang Wang Xinning Xie Weihong Zhao Independent and joint impacts of high body mass index and aging on global burden of chronic kidney disease: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 Frontiers in Nutrition body mass index aging chronic kidney disease deaths disability-adjusted life years |
| title | Independent and joint impacts of high body mass index and aging on global burden of chronic kidney disease: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 |
| title_full | Independent and joint impacts of high body mass index and aging on global burden of chronic kidney disease: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 |
| title_fullStr | Independent and joint impacts of high body mass index and aging on global burden of chronic kidney disease: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Independent and joint impacts of high body mass index and aging on global burden of chronic kidney disease: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 |
| title_short | Independent and joint impacts of high body mass index and aging on global burden of chronic kidney disease: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 |
| title_sort | independent and joint impacts of high body mass index and aging on global burden of chronic kidney disease insights from the global burden of disease study 2021 |
| topic | body mass index aging chronic kidney disease deaths disability-adjusted life years |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1582534/full |
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