The Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Flow Heterogeneity During Water Flooding for an Artificial Core Plate Model
In the process of reservoir water flooding development, the characteristics of underground seepage field have changed, resulting in increasingly complex oil–water distribution. The original understanding of reservoir physical property parameters based on the initial stage of development is insuffici...
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| author | Chen Jiang Qingjie Liu Kaiqi Leng Zubo Zhang Xu Chen Tong Wu |
| author_facet | Chen Jiang Qingjie Liu Kaiqi Leng Zubo Zhang Xu Chen Tong Wu |
| author_sort | Chen Jiang |
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| description | In the process of reservoir water flooding development, the characteristics of underground seepage field have changed, resulting in increasingly complex oil–water distribution. The original understanding of reservoir physical property parameters based on the initial stage of development is insufficient to guide reservoir development efforts in the extra-high water cut stage. To deeply investigate the spatio-temporal evolution of heterogeneity in the internal seepage field of layered reservoirs during water flooding development, water–oil displacement experimental simulations were conducted based on layered, normally graded models. By combining CT scanning technology and two-phase seepage theory, the variation patterns of heterogeneity in the seepage field of medium-to-high permeability, normally graded reservoirs were analyzed. The results indicate that the effectiveness of water flooding development is doubly constrained by differences in oil–water seepage capacities and the heterogeneity of the seepage field. During the development process, both the reservoir’s flow capacity and the heterogeneity of the seepage field are in a state of continuous change. Influenced by the extra resistance brought about by multiphase flow, the reservoir’s flow capacity drops to 41.6% of the absolute permeability in the extra-high water cut stage. Based on differences in the variation amplitudes of oil–water-phase permeabilities, changes in the heterogeneity of the internal seepage field of the reservoir can be broadly divided into periods of drastic change and relative stability. During the drastic change stage, the fluctuation amplitude of the water-phase permeability variation coefficient is 114.5 times that of the relative stable phase, while the fluctuation amplitude of the oil-phase permeability variation coefficient is 5.2 times that of the stable stage. This study reveals the dynamic changes in reservoir seepage characteristics during the water injection process, providing guidance for water injection development in layered reservoirs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cc82069781ef41559033b2759c1260d5 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj-art-cc82069781ef41559033b2759c1260d52025-01-24T13:30:59ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-01-0118230910.3390/en18020309The Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Flow Heterogeneity During Water Flooding for an Artificial Core Plate ModelChen Jiang0Qingjie Liu1Kaiqi Leng2Zubo Zhang3Xu Chen4Tong Wu5College of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaInstitute of Porous Flow and Fluid Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Langfang 065007, ChinaCollege of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Beijing 100083, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Beijing 100083, ChinaCollege of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaIn the process of reservoir water flooding development, the characteristics of underground seepage field have changed, resulting in increasingly complex oil–water distribution. The original understanding of reservoir physical property parameters based on the initial stage of development is insufficient to guide reservoir development efforts in the extra-high water cut stage. To deeply investigate the spatio-temporal evolution of heterogeneity in the internal seepage field of layered reservoirs during water flooding development, water–oil displacement experimental simulations were conducted based on layered, normally graded models. By combining CT scanning technology and two-phase seepage theory, the variation patterns of heterogeneity in the seepage field of medium-to-high permeability, normally graded reservoirs were analyzed. The results indicate that the effectiveness of water flooding development is doubly constrained by differences in oil–water seepage capacities and the heterogeneity of the seepage field. During the development process, both the reservoir’s flow capacity and the heterogeneity of the seepage field are in a state of continuous change. Influenced by the extra resistance brought about by multiphase flow, the reservoir’s flow capacity drops to 41.6% of the absolute permeability in the extra-high water cut stage. Based on differences in the variation amplitudes of oil–water-phase permeabilities, changes in the heterogeneity of the internal seepage field of the reservoir can be broadly divided into periods of drastic change and relative stability. During the drastic change stage, the fluctuation amplitude of the water-phase permeability variation coefficient is 114.5 times that of the relative stable phase, while the fluctuation amplitude of the oil-phase permeability variation coefficient is 5.2 times that of the stable stage. This study reveals the dynamic changes in reservoir seepage characteristics during the water injection process, providing guidance for water injection development in layered reservoirs.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/2/309positive rhythm reservoirseepage fieldheterogeneitycomprehensive flow capacityvariation coefficient |
| spellingShingle | Chen Jiang Qingjie Liu Kaiqi Leng Zubo Zhang Xu Chen Tong Wu The Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Flow Heterogeneity During Water Flooding for an Artificial Core Plate Model Energies positive rhythm reservoir seepage field heterogeneity comprehensive flow capacity variation coefficient |
| title | The Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Flow Heterogeneity During Water Flooding for an Artificial Core Plate Model |
| title_full | The Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Flow Heterogeneity During Water Flooding for an Artificial Core Plate Model |
| title_fullStr | The Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Flow Heterogeneity During Water Flooding for an Artificial Core Plate Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Flow Heterogeneity During Water Flooding for an Artificial Core Plate Model |
| title_short | The Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Flow Heterogeneity During Water Flooding for an Artificial Core Plate Model |
| title_sort | temporal and spatial evolution of flow heterogeneity during water flooding for an artificial core plate model |
| topic | positive rhythm reservoir seepage field heterogeneity comprehensive flow capacity variation coefficient |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/2/309 |
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