Trends of breastfeeding indicators in Brazil from 1996 to 2019 and the gaps to achieve the WHO/UNICEF 2030 targets
Background The comprehension of breastfeeding patterns and trends through comparable indicators is essential to plan and implement public health policies.Objective To evaluate the trends of breastfeeding indicators in Brazil from 1996 to 2019 and estimate the gap to achieve the WHO/UNICEF 2030 targe...
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BMJ Publishing Group
2023-09-01
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| Series: | BMJ Global Health |
| Online Access: | https://gh.bmj.com/content/8/9/e012529.full |
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| author | Gilberto Kac Neilane Bertoni Cristiano Siqueira Boccolini Elisa Maria de Aquino Lacerda Natália Oliveira Nadya Helena Alves-Santos Dayana Rodrigues Farias Sandra Patricia Crispim Leticia Barroso Vertulli Carneiro Raquel Machado Schincaglia Elsa Regina Justo Giugliani Inês Rugani Ribeiro de Castro |
| author_facet | Gilberto Kac Neilane Bertoni Cristiano Siqueira Boccolini Elisa Maria de Aquino Lacerda Natália Oliveira Nadya Helena Alves-Santos Dayana Rodrigues Farias Sandra Patricia Crispim Leticia Barroso Vertulli Carneiro Raquel Machado Schincaglia Elsa Regina Justo Giugliani Inês Rugani Ribeiro de Castro |
| author_sort | Gilberto Kac |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background The comprehension of breastfeeding patterns and trends through comparable indicators is essential to plan and implement public health policies.Objective To evaluate the trends of breastfeeding indicators in Brazil from 1996 to 2019 and estimate the gap to achieve the WHO/UNICEF 2030 targets in children under 5 years.Methods Microdata from two National Surveys on Demography and Health of Women and Children (PNDS-1996 and PNDS-2006) and the Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition-2019 were used. The indicators of early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF), exclusive breastfeeding of infants 0–5 months of age (EBF<6 mo), continued breastfeeding at 1 year of age (CBF1yr) and CBF at 2 years of age (CBF2yr) were analysed using prevalence and 95% CI. The average annual variation and years to achieve the WHO/UNICEF 2030 targets were calculated for Brazil and the macroregions. Statistical analyses considered the survey’s complex sample design for each database.Results EIBF increased from 36.3% (95% CI 33.6% to 39.0%) in 1996 to 60.9% (95% CI 56.5% to 65.3%) in 2006 (statistically significant) and 62.5% (95% CI 58.3% to 66.6%) in 2019. EBF<6 mo increased from 26.9% (95% CI 21.3% to 31.9%) in 1996 to 39.0% (95% CI 31.0% to 47.1%) in 2006 and 45.8% (95% CI 40.9% to 50.7%) in 2019 (significant increases for 1996–2019 for Brazil, Northeast and Midwest regions). CBF1yr rose from 36.6% (95% CI 30.8% to 42.4%) in 1996 to 48.7% (95% CI 38.3% to 59.0%) in 2006, and 52.1% (95% CI 45.4% to 58.9%) in 2019. CBF2yr increased from 24.7% (95% CI 19.5% to 29.9%) in 1996 to 24.6% (95% CI 15.7% to 33.5%) in 2006 and 35.5% (95% CI 30.4% to 40.6%) in 2019 (significant increase for 1996–2019). The South and Southeast regions need to double the 2019 prevalence to reach the target for the CBF1yr and CBF2yr; the Northeast and North need to increase 60% the current prevalence for the indicator of EBF<6 mo.Conclusion A substantial improvement in breastfeeding indicators occurred in Brazil from 1996 to 2019, although at an insufficient rate to achieve the WHO/UNICEF 2030 targets. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cc8205633d96413b8d13263d581733cf |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2059-7908 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
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| series | BMJ Global Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-cc8205633d96413b8d13263d581733cf2025-08-20T02:41:06ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Global Health2059-79082023-09-018910.1136/bmjgh-2023-012529Trends of breastfeeding indicators in Brazil from 1996 to 2019 and the gaps to achieve the WHO/UNICEF 2030 targetsGilberto Kac0Neilane Bertoni1Cristiano Siqueira Boccolini2Elisa Maria de Aquino Lacerda3Natália Oliveira4Nadya Helena Alves-Santos5Dayana Rodrigues Farias6Sandra Patricia Crispim7Leticia Barroso Vertulli Carneiro8Raquel Machado Schincaglia9Elsa Regina Justo Giugliani10Inês Rugani Ribeiro de Castro11Observatório de Epidemiologia Nutricional, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilTobacco Control Unit (DITAB/CONPREV), Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, BrazilLaboratório de Informática em Saúde, Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilDepartamento de Nutrição e Dietética, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil1LuVaCs, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The NetherlandsInstituto de Estudos em Saúde e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Maraba, BrazilObservatório de Epidemiologia Nutricional, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilDepartamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, BrazilInstituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilObservatório de Epidemiologia Nutricional, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilDepartamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, BrazilDepartamento de Nutrição Social, Instituto de Nutrição, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilBackground The comprehension of breastfeeding patterns and trends through comparable indicators is essential to plan and implement public health policies.Objective To evaluate the trends of breastfeeding indicators in Brazil from 1996 to 2019 and estimate the gap to achieve the WHO/UNICEF 2030 targets in children under 5 years.Methods Microdata from two National Surveys on Demography and Health of Women and Children (PNDS-1996 and PNDS-2006) and the Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition-2019 were used. The indicators of early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF), exclusive breastfeeding of infants 0–5 months of age (EBF<6 mo), continued breastfeeding at 1 year of age (CBF1yr) and CBF at 2 years of age (CBF2yr) were analysed using prevalence and 95% CI. The average annual variation and years to achieve the WHO/UNICEF 2030 targets were calculated for Brazil and the macroregions. Statistical analyses considered the survey’s complex sample design for each database.Results EIBF increased from 36.3% (95% CI 33.6% to 39.0%) in 1996 to 60.9% (95% CI 56.5% to 65.3%) in 2006 (statistically significant) and 62.5% (95% CI 58.3% to 66.6%) in 2019. EBF<6 mo increased from 26.9% (95% CI 21.3% to 31.9%) in 1996 to 39.0% (95% CI 31.0% to 47.1%) in 2006 and 45.8% (95% CI 40.9% to 50.7%) in 2019 (significant increases for 1996–2019 for Brazil, Northeast and Midwest regions). CBF1yr rose from 36.6% (95% CI 30.8% to 42.4%) in 1996 to 48.7% (95% CI 38.3% to 59.0%) in 2006, and 52.1% (95% CI 45.4% to 58.9%) in 2019. CBF2yr increased from 24.7% (95% CI 19.5% to 29.9%) in 1996 to 24.6% (95% CI 15.7% to 33.5%) in 2006 and 35.5% (95% CI 30.4% to 40.6%) in 2019 (significant increase for 1996–2019). The South and Southeast regions need to double the 2019 prevalence to reach the target for the CBF1yr and CBF2yr; the Northeast and North need to increase 60% the current prevalence for the indicator of EBF<6 mo.Conclusion A substantial improvement in breastfeeding indicators occurred in Brazil from 1996 to 2019, although at an insufficient rate to achieve the WHO/UNICEF 2030 targets.https://gh.bmj.com/content/8/9/e012529.full |
| spellingShingle | Gilberto Kac Neilane Bertoni Cristiano Siqueira Boccolini Elisa Maria de Aquino Lacerda Natália Oliveira Nadya Helena Alves-Santos Dayana Rodrigues Farias Sandra Patricia Crispim Leticia Barroso Vertulli Carneiro Raquel Machado Schincaglia Elsa Regina Justo Giugliani Inês Rugani Ribeiro de Castro Trends of breastfeeding indicators in Brazil from 1996 to 2019 and the gaps to achieve the WHO/UNICEF 2030 targets BMJ Global Health |
| title | Trends of breastfeeding indicators in Brazil from 1996 to 2019 and the gaps to achieve the WHO/UNICEF 2030 targets |
| title_full | Trends of breastfeeding indicators in Brazil from 1996 to 2019 and the gaps to achieve the WHO/UNICEF 2030 targets |
| title_fullStr | Trends of breastfeeding indicators in Brazil from 1996 to 2019 and the gaps to achieve the WHO/UNICEF 2030 targets |
| title_full_unstemmed | Trends of breastfeeding indicators in Brazil from 1996 to 2019 and the gaps to achieve the WHO/UNICEF 2030 targets |
| title_short | Trends of breastfeeding indicators in Brazil from 1996 to 2019 and the gaps to achieve the WHO/UNICEF 2030 targets |
| title_sort | trends of breastfeeding indicators in brazil from 1996 to 2019 and the gaps to achieve the who unicef 2030 targets |
| url | https://gh.bmj.com/content/8/9/e012529.full |
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