The impact of adding nanoparticles to biodiesel fuel prepared from waste sunflower oil on the performance and emission of diesel engines
Although biodiesel has attracted much attention because of its ability to reduce engine emissions, its lower performance in diesel engines and the need to find renewable sources for its production limit its adoption. Thus, this work investigated the use of the trans-esterification method to convert...
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| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Circular Economy |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773167725000135 |
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| author | Qais Hussein Hassan Nisreen Sabti Mohammed Ali Hayder A. Alalwan Alaa Hani Alminshid Malik M. Mohammed |
| author_facet | Qais Hussein Hassan Nisreen Sabti Mohammed Ali Hayder A. Alalwan Alaa Hani Alminshid Malik M. Mohammed |
| author_sort | Qais Hussein Hassan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Although biodiesel has attracted much attention because of its ability to reduce engine emissions, its lower performance in diesel engines and the need to find renewable sources for its production limit its adoption. Thus, this work investigated the use of the trans-esterification method to convert waste sunflower oil to biodiesel (BD) and the impact of mixing it with TiO2 and CuO nanoparticles on the performance and emissions of a four-stroke engine at three engine torques (2, 4, and 6 N·m) compared with petroleum diesel (PD). The fuel performance was evaluated by calculating the brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), brake-specific energy consumption (BSEC), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and noise intensity of the engine. The exhaust emissions were measured to identify hydrocarbons (HC), CO, particulate matters (PM), CO2, and NOx emissions. The results show that BD reduces the BSFC, BSEC, and BTE up to 20.1%, 6.1%, and 6.9%, respectively. In contrast, when TiO2 is used, the percentages are 11.8%, 0.77%, and 4.4%, and when CuO is used, the percentages are 15.7%, 3.9%, and 5.4%, respectively. In addition, the emission results show that BD reduces HC, CO, and PM up to 91.0%, while the use of TiO2 reduces them up to 93.0%, and CuO reduces them up to 92.0%. However, this decrease is associated with increasing CO2 and NOx emissions by up to 42.9% and 82.9%, respectively, with the use of BD, while the use of TiO2 increases them by up to 53.7% and 65.5%, and the use of CuO increases them by up to 51.5% and 60.6%, respectively. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cc73bf937c114805a6db54f5c76eb00d |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2773-1677 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Circular Economy |
| spelling | doaj-art-cc73bf937c114805a6db54f5c76eb00d2025-08-20T02:24:18ZengElsevierCircular Economy2773-16772025-06-014210013810.1016/j.cec.2025.100138The impact of adding nanoparticles to biodiesel fuel prepared from waste sunflower oil on the performance and emission of diesel enginesQais Hussein Hassan0Nisreen Sabti Mohammed Ali1Hayder A. Alalwan2Alaa Hani Alminshid3Malik M. Mohammed4Technical Institute-Kut, Middle Technical University, Baghdad 10081, IraqBaghdad Institute of Technology, Middle Technical University, Baghdad 10081, IraqTechnical Institute-Kut, Middle Technical University, Baghdad 10081, Iraq; Corresponding author.Polymer Research Unite, Collage of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad 10081, IraqEngineering Techniques of Fuel and Energy Department, Al-mustaqbal University College, Babel 51001, IraqAlthough biodiesel has attracted much attention because of its ability to reduce engine emissions, its lower performance in diesel engines and the need to find renewable sources for its production limit its adoption. Thus, this work investigated the use of the trans-esterification method to convert waste sunflower oil to biodiesel (BD) and the impact of mixing it with TiO2 and CuO nanoparticles on the performance and emissions of a four-stroke engine at three engine torques (2, 4, and 6 N·m) compared with petroleum diesel (PD). The fuel performance was evaluated by calculating the brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), brake-specific energy consumption (BSEC), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and noise intensity of the engine. The exhaust emissions were measured to identify hydrocarbons (HC), CO, particulate matters (PM), CO2, and NOx emissions. The results show that BD reduces the BSFC, BSEC, and BTE up to 20.1%, 6.1%, and 6.9%, respectively. In contrast, when TiO2 is used, the percentages are 11.8%, 0.77%, and 4.4%, and when CuO is used, the percentages are 15.7%, 3.9%, and 5.4%, respectively. In addition, the emission results show that BD reduces HC, CO, and PM up to 91.0%, while the use of TiO2 reduces them up to 93.0%, and CuO reduces them up to 92.0%. However, this decrease is associated with increasing CO2 and NOx emissions by up to 42.9% and 82.9%, respectively, with the use of BD, while the use of TiO2 increases them by up to 53.7% and 65.5%, and the use of CuO increases them by up to 51.5% and 60.6%, respectively.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773167725000135Trans-esterificationEngine effective powerNano-powderNoiseFuel consumption |
| spellingShingle | Qais Hussein Hassan Nisreen Sabti Mohammed Ali Hayder A. Alalwan Alaa Hani Alminshid Malik M. Mohammed The impact of adding nanoparticles to biodiesel fuel prepared from waste sunflower oil on the performance and emission of diesel engines Circular Economy Trans-esterification Engine effective power Nano-powder Noise Fuel consumption |
| title | The impact of adding nanoparticles to biodiesel fuel prepared from waste sunflower oil on the performance and emission of diesel engines |
| title_full | The impact of adding nanoparticles to biodiesel fuel prepared from waste sunflower oil on the performance and emission of diesel engines |
| title_fullStr | The impact of adding nanoparticles to biodiesel fuel prepared from waste sunflower oil on the performance and emission of diesel engines |
| title_full_unstemmed | The impact of adding nanoparticles to biodiesel fuel prepared from waste sunflower oil on the performance and emission of diesel engines |
| title_short | The impact of adding nanoparticles to biodiesel fuel prepared from waste sunflower oil on the performance and emission of diesel engines |
| title_sort | impact of adding nanoparticles to biodiesel fuel prepared from waste sunflower oil on the performance and emission of diesel engines |
| topic | Trans-esterification Engine effective power Nano-powder Noise Fuel consumption |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773167725000135 |
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