Lightweight thermally insulating fired clay bricks enhanced with chitosan-based clay nanocomposites for sustainable construction

Abstract This study explores the enhancement of thermal insulation in fired clay bricks through the incorporation of chitosan (CS) as a biopolymeric dopant. A series of composite samples were prepared with CS concentrations of 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%, and their structural, mechanical, and thermophysi...

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Main Authors: M. Abdelhamid Shahat, Wafaa Soliman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11790-5
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author M. Abdelhamid Shahat
Wafaa Soliman
author_facet M. Abdelhamid Shahat
Wafaa Soliman
author_sort M. Abdelhamid Shahat
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This study explores the enhancement of thermal insulation in fired clay bricks through the incorporation of chitosan (CS) as a biopolymeric dopant. A series of composite samples were prepared with CS concentrations of 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%, and their structural, mechanical, and thermophysical qualities were comprehensively investigated. Analytical techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were employed to assess compositional and morphological changes. The introduction of CS led to increased XRD peak intensity, indicating improved crystalline organization, while FTIR spectra revealed the presence of CS-associated functional groups. SEM micrographs confirmed the development of a more porous microstructure, and TGA data demonstrated enhanced thermal stability. The CS-modified bricks exhibited an increase in porous topography (33.2–47.9%), a reduction in bulk density (i.e., 1.84–1.29 g/cm3), and improved compressive strength (from 0.768 to 1.232 MPa). It is noteworthy that the clay@CS (6%) mix encountered a low thermal diffusivity in addition to the lowest thermal conductivity value (i.e., 0.3418–0.2334 W/mk). The findings show that adding more CS to composite bricks significantly improves their thermal insulation qualities (i.e., 0.314–0.213 mm2/S). These outcomes underscore the potential of CS as a sustainable additive for improving the performance of clay-based construction materials, offering promising implications for energy-efficient and environmentally conscious building applications.
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spelling doaj-art-cc7095de9bb1466d92add898fb73fc312025-08-20T03:42:45ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111810.1038/s41598-025-11790-5Lightweight thermally insulating fired clay bricks enhanced with chitosan-based clay nanocomposites for sustainable constructionM. Abdelhamid Shahat0Wafaa Soliman1PV Unit, Solar and Space Research Department, National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG)Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag UniversityAbstract This study explores the enhancement of thermal insulation in fired clay bricks through the incorporation of chitosan (CS) as a biopolymeric dopant. A series of composite samples were prepared with CS concentrations of 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%, and their structural, mechanical, and thermophysical qualities were comprehensively investigated. Analytical techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were employed to assess compositional and morphological changes. The introduction of CS led to increased XRD peak intensity, indicating improved crystalline organization, while FTIR spectra revealed the presence of CS-associated functional groups. SEM micrographs confirmed the development of a more porous microstructure, and TGA data demonstrated enhanced thermal stability. The CS-modified bricks exhibited an increase in porous topography (33.2–47.9%), a reduction in bulk density (i.e., 1.84–1.29 g/cm3), and improved compressive strength (from 0.768 to 1.232 MPa). It is noteworthy that the clay@CS (6%) mix encountered a low thermal diffusivity in addition to the lowest thermal conductivity value (i.e., 0.3418–0.2334 W/mk). The findings show that adding more CS to composite bricks significantly improves their thermal insulation qualities (i.e., 0.314–0.213 mm2/S). These outcomes underscore the potential of CS as a sustainable additive for improving the performance of clay-based construction materials, offering promising implications for energy-efficient and environmentally conscious building applications.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11790-5Nanocomposite clay bricksClay–rGO compositesrGO dopantsClay shrinkage behaviourBricks surface porosityThermophysical compositions
spellingShingle M. Abdelhamid Shahat
Wafaa Soliman
Lightweight thermally insulating fired clay bricks enhanced with chitosan-based clay nanocomposites for sustainable construction
Scientific Reports
Nanocomposite clay bricks
Clay–rGO composites
rGO dopants
Clay shrinkage behaviour
Bricks surface porosity
Thermophysical compositions
title Lightweight thermally insulating fired clay bricks enhanced with chitosan-based clay nanocomposites for sustainable construction
title_full Lightweight thermally insulating fired clay bricks enhanced with chitosan-based clay nanocomposites for sustainable construction
title_fullStr Lightweight thermally insulating fired clay bricks enhanced with chitosan-based clay nanocomposites for sustainable construction
title_full_unstemmed Lightweight thermally insulating fired clay bricks enhanced with chitosan-based clay nanocomposites for sustainable construction
title_short Lightweight thermally insulating fired clay bricks enhanced with chitosan-based clay nanocomposites for sustainable construction
title_sort lightweight thermally insulating fired clay bricks enhanced with chitosan based clay nanocomposites for sustainable construction
topic Nanocomposite clay bricks
Clay–rGO composites
rGO dopants
Clay shrinkage behaviour
Bricks surface porosity
Thermophysical compositions
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11790-5
work_keys_str_mv AT mabdelhamidshahat lightweightthermallyinsulatingfiredclaybricksenhancedwithchitosanbasedclaynanocompositesforsustainableconstruction
AT wafaasoliman lightweightthermallyinsulatingfiredclaybricksenhancedwithchitosanbasedclaynanocompositesforsustainableconstruction