Congenital laryngeal anomalies in childhood
Background. Diagnosis of congenital malformations of the larynx in children is a difficult task for otorhinolaryngologists. The development and implementation of video endoscopic techniques has made a significant contribution to the understanding of anatomical changes in the larynx during CPR. Ai...
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ZAO "Consilium Medicum"
2024-10-01
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| author | Yulia E. Stepanova |
| author_facet | Yulia E. Stepanova |
| author_sort | Yulia E. Stepanova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background. Diagnosis of congenital malformations of the larynx in children is a difficult task for otorhinolaryngologists. The development and implementation of video endoscopic techniques has made a significant contribution to the understanding of anatomical changes in the larynx during CPR.
Aim. To study the clinical manifestations of congenital malformations in children over 6 years of age.
Materials and methods. Eighty three (100%) children with laryngeal malformations aged 6 to 18 years (10.1±0.6) were examined, who applied to the phoniatric department of the Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech from 2002 to 2023. The number of boys is 39 (47%) people, girls – 44 (53%) people. The maximum incidence of children of both sexes was observed at the age of 8–12 years.
Results. It should be noted that in all patients, this pathology was detected for the first time when contacting a phoniatrist. Dysphonia is expressed from birth in 30 (36%) patients. Three children also complained of difficulty breathing from birth. In 15 (18%) children, the voice remained normal. The purpose of their visit is a preventive examination. Dysphonia in the remaining 38 (46%) children appeared during increased vocal load. The structures of the congenital malformations are presented as follows: tissue defects 36 (43%) people, organ defects 34 (41%) people, combined organ-tissue defects 10 (12%) people, neurogenic defects 3 (4%). None of the examined patients had congenital tumors. Hypoplasia or grooves of the vocal folds were diagnosed in 20 (23%) cases in the group of tissue VPR. Nine (11%) patients suffered from arytenoid cartilage dyschronia, and 7 (8%) patients suffered from dysplasia. Organ defects were represented by dystopia or “crossing” of the arytenoid cartilages in 29 (35%) and epiglottis dysgenesis in 5 (6%). Based on the clinical and endoscopic picture of the larynx, we have identified two degrees of dystopia. The first degree was diagnosed in 18 (21%), and the second in 11 (13%) children.
Conclusion. Patients with both tissue and organ cysts are characterized by the formation of nodules, cysts, mucosal hyperplasia, fusiform thickened edge of the vocal cord, chronic laryngitis, hypertrophy of vestibular folds. These changes should be considered as a compensatory and adaptive mechanism in conditions of forced vocalization due to anatomical changes in the larynx. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cc68d9c2dab748bf9851e2d92bfc7346 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2075-1753 2542-2170 |
| language | Russian |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | ZAO "Consilium Medicum" |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Consilium Medicum |
| spelling | doaj-art-cc68d9c2dab748bf9851e2d92bfc73462025-01-15T11:58:17ZrusZAO "Consilium Medicum"Consilium Medicum2075-17532542-21702024-10-0126960561010.26442/20751753.2024.9.2029014868Congenital laryngeal anomalies in childhoodYulia E. Stepanova0Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and SpeechBackground. Diagnosis of congenital malformations of the larynx in children is a difficult task for otorhinolaryngologists. The development and implementation of video endoscopic techniques has made a significant contribution to the understanding of anatomical changes in the larynx during CPR. Aim. To study the clinical manifestations of congenital malformations in children over 6 years of age. Materials and methods. Eighty three (100%) children with laryngeal malformations aged 6 to 18 years (10.1±0.6) were examined, who applied to the phoniatric department of the Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech from 2002 to 2023. The number of boys is 39 (47%) people, girls – 44 (53%) people. The maximum incidence of children of both sexes was observed at the age of 8–12 years. Results. It should be noted that in all patients, this pathology was detected for the first time when contacting a phoniatrist. Dysphonia is expressed from birth in 30 (36%) patients. Three children also complained of difficulty breathing from birth. In 15 (18%) children, the voice remained normal. The purpose of their visit is a preventive examination. Dysphonia in the remaining 38 (46%) children appeared during increased vocal load. The structures of the congenital malformations are presented as follows: tissue defects 36 (43%) people, organ defects 34 (41%) people, combined organ-tissue defects 10 (12%) people, neurogenic defects 3 (4%). None of the examined patients had congenital tumors. Hypoplasia or grooves of the vocal folds were diagnosed in 20 (23%) cases in the group of tissue VPR. Nine (11%) patients suffered from arytenoid cartilage dyschronia, and 7 (8%) patients suffered from dysplasia. Organ defects were represented by dystopia or “crossing” of the arytenoid cartilages in 29 (35%) and epiglottis dysgenesis in 5 (6%). Based on the clinical and endoscopic picture of the larynx, we have identified two degrees of dystopia. The first degree was diagnosed in 18 (21%), and the second in 11 (13%) children. Conclusion. Patients with both tissue and organ cysts are characterized by the formation of nodules, cysts, mucosal hyperplasia, fusiform thickened edge of the vocal cord, chronic laryngitis, hypertrophy of vestibular folds. These changes should be considered as a compensatory and adaptive mechanism in conditions of forced vocalization due to anatomical changes in the larynx.https://consilium.orscience.ru/2075-1753/article/viewFile/636958/152386congenital laryngeal anomalieschildrencongenital dysphoniasulcus vocalislaryngomalacia |
| spellingShingle | Yulia E. Stepanova Congenital laryngeal anomalies in childhood Consilium Medicum congenital laryngeal anomalies children congenital dysphonia sulcus vocalis laryngomalacia |
| title | Congenital laryngeal anomalies in childhood |
| title_full | Congenital laryngeal anomalies in childhood |
| title_fullStr | Congenital laryngeal anomalies in childhood |
| title_full_unstemmed | Congenital laryngeal anomalies in childhood |
| title_short | Congenital laryngeal anomalies in childhood |
| title_sort | congenital laryngeal anomalies in childhood |
| topic | congenital laryngeal anomalies children congenital dysphonia sulcus vocalis laryngomalacia |
| url | https://consilium.orscience.ru/2075-1753/article/viewFile/636958/152386 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yuliaestepanova congenitallaryngealanomaliesinchildhood |