Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Cyprodinil, Potentially Carcinogenic Chemical Micropollutant, for Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis and Cell Membrane Interactions
Fungicides are compounds with potentially toxic effects on the human body, but the molecular mechanisms of their action have not yet been explained. The effect of cyprodinil on cell viability, apoptosis level, cell membrane function, cell morphology and expression of antioxidant enzyme genes in the...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-08-01
|
| Series: | Applied Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8631 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849407667941933056 |
|---|---|
| author | Agata Jabłońska-Trypuć Nina Wiśniewska Gabriela Sitko Urszula Wydro Elżbieta Wołejko Rafał Krętowski Monika Naumowicz Joanna Kotyńska Marzanna Cechowska-Pasko Bożena Łozowicka Piotr Kaczyński Adam Cudowski |
| author_facet | Agata Jabłońska-Trypuć Nina Wiśniewska Gabriela Sitko Urszula Wydro Elżbieta Wołejko Rafał Krętowski Monika Naumowicz Joanna Kotyńska Marzanna Cechowska-Pasko Bożena Łozowicka Piotr Kaczyński Adam Cudowski |
| author_sort | Agata Jabłońska-Trypuć |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fungicides are compounds with potentially toxic effects on the human body, but the molecular mechanisms of their action have not yet been explained. The effect of cyprodinil on cell viability, apoptosis level, cell membrane function, cell morphology and expression of antioxidant enzyme genes in the A-375 and DLD-1 cell lines was examined. The cell lines were selected because they can be an excellent in vitro model of neoplastic changes occurring in the skin and large intestine after exposure to a fungicide. The fungicide selected for the study is commonly used in Poland to protect crops against fungi. Our results showed that the tested compound increased cell viability and proliferation, probably activated by mechanisms related to oxidative stress. Cyprodinil caused an increase in glutathione level (in A-375 by about 37% and in DLD-1 by about 28%) and oxidative stress enzymes activity, but not in apoptosis level. Its membrane interactions and its penetration into cells was concentration dependent. It is worth emphasizing that the novelty of our work lies in the use of non-traditional toxicological methods based on molecular analyses using human cell lines. This allowed us to demonstrate not only the toxicity of a single substance but also its behavior within cellular structures. Our findings suggest that cyprodinil may have tumor-promoting properties in skin and colorectal cancer cells. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cc4c2666f1184f799d5c126002b8c80b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-cc4c2666f1184f799d5c126002b8c80b2025-08-20T03:35:58ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-08-011515863110.3390/app15158631Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Cyprodinil, Potentially Carcinogenic Chemical Micropollutant, for Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis and Cell Membrane InteractionsAgata Jabłońska-Trypuć0Nina Wiśniewska1Gabriela Sitko2Urszula Wydro3Elżbieta Wołejko4Rafał Krętowski5Monika Naumowicz6Joanna Kotyńska7Marzanna Cechowska-Pasko8Bożena Łozowicka9Piotr Kaczyński10Adam Cudowski11Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351 Białystok, PolandDepartment of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351 Białystok, PolandDepartment of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351 Białystok, PolandDepartment of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351 Białystok, PolandDepartment of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351 Białystok, PolandDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2A Street, 15-222 Bialystok, PolandDepartment of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K Street, 15-245 Bialystok, PolandDepartment of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K Street, 15-245 Bialystok, PolandDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2A Street, 15-222 Bialystok, PolandInstitute of Plant Protection—National Research Institute, Chełmońskiego 22 Street, 15-195 Białystok, PolandInstitute of Plant Protection—National Research Institute, Chełmońskiego 22 Street, 15-195 Białystok, PolandDepartment of Water Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J Street, 15-245 Białystok, PolandFungicides are compounds with potentially toxic effects on the human body, but the molecular mechanisms of their action have not yet been explained. The effect of cyprodinil on cell viability, apoptosis level, cell membrane function, cell morphology and expression of antioxidant enzyme genes in the A-375 and DLD-1 cell lines was examined. The cell lines were selected because they can be an excellent in vitro model of neoplastic changes occurring in the skin and large intestine after exposure to a fungicide. The fungicide selected for the study is commonly used in Poland to protect crops against fungi. Our results showed that the tested compound increased cell viability and proliferation, probably activated by mechanisms related to oxidative stress. Cyprodinil caused an increase in glutathione level (in A-375 by about 37% and in DLD-1 by about 28%) and oxidative stress enzymes activity, but not in apoptosis level. Its membrane interactions and its penetration into cells was concentration dependent. It is worth emphasizing that the novelty of our work lies in the use of non-traditional toxicological methods based on molecular analyses using human cell lines. This allowed us to demonstrate not only the toxicity of a single substance but also its behavior within cellular structures. Our findings suggest that cyprodinil may have tumor-promoting properties in skin and colorectal cancer cells.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8631cyprodinilmicrocontaminantcancerfungicideA-375DLD-1 |
| spellingShingle | Agata Jabłońska-Trypuć Nina Wiśniewska Gabriela Sitko Urszula Wydro Elżbieta Wołejko Rafał Krętowski Monika Naumowicz Joanna Kotyńska Marzanna Cechowska-Pasko Bożena Łozowicka Piotr Kaczyński Adam Cudowski Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Cyprodinil, Potentially Carcinogenic Chemical Micropollutant, for Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis and Cell Membrane Interactions Applied Sciences cyprodinil microcontaminant cancer fungicide A-375 DLD-1 |
| title | Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Cyprodinil, Potentially Carcinogenic Chemical Micropollutant, for Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis and Cell Membrane Interactions |
| title_full | Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Cyprodinil, Potentially Carcinogenic Chemical Micropollutant, for Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis and Cell Membrane Interactions |
| title_fullStr | Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Cyprodinil, Potentially Carcinogenic Chemical Micropollutant, for Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis and Cell Membrane Interactions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Cyprodinil, Potentially Carcinogenic Chemical Micropollutant, for Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis and Cell Membrane Interactions |
| title_short | Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Cyprodinil, Potentially Carcinogenic Chemical Micropollutant, for Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis and Cell Membrane Interactions |
| title_sort | cytotoxicity evaluation of cyprodinil potentially carcinogenic chemical micropollutant for oxidative stress apoptosis and cell membrane interactions |
| topic | cyprodinil microcontaminant cancer fungicide A-375 DLD-1 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8631 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT agatajabłonskatrypuc cytotoxicityevaluationofcyprodinilpotentiallycarcinogenicchemicalmicropollutantforoxidativestressapoptosisandcellmembraneinteractions AT ninawisniewska cytotoxicityevaluationofcyprodinilpotentiallycarcinogenicchemicalmicropollutantforoxidativestressapoptosisandcellmembraneinteractions AT gabrielasitko cytotoxicityevaluationofcyprodinilpotentiallycarcinogenicchemicalmicropollutantforoxidativestressapoptosisandcellmembraneinteractions AT urszulawydro cytotoxicityevaluationofcyprodinilpotentiallycarcinogenicchemicalmicropollutantforoxidativestressapoptosisandcellmembraneinteractions AT elzbietawołejko cytotoxicityevaluationofcyprodinilpotentiallycarcinogenicchemicalmicropollutantforoxidativestressapoptosisandcellmembraneinteractions AT rafałkretowski cytotoxicityevaluationofcyprodinilpotentiallycarcinogenicchemicalmicropollutantforoxidativestressapoptosisandcellmembraneinteractions AT monikanaumowicz cytotoxicityevaluationofcyprodinilpotentiallycarcinogenicchemicalmicropollutantforoxidativestressapoptosisandcellmembraneinteractions AT joannakotynska cytotoxicityevaluationofcyprodinilpotentiallycarcinogenicchemicalmicropollutantforoxidativestressapoptosisandcellmembraneinteractions AT marzannacechowskapasko cytotoxicityevaluationofcyprodinilpotentiallycarcinogenicchemicalmicropollutantforoxidativestressapoptosisandcellmembraneinteractions AT bozenałozowicka cytotoxicityevaluationofcyprodinilpotentiallycarcinogenicchemicalmicropollutantforoxidativestressapoptosisandcellmembraneinteractions AT piotrkaczynski cytotoxicityevaluationofcyprodinilpotentiallycarcinogenicchemicalmicropollutantforoxidativestressapoptosisandcellmembraneinteractions AT adamcudowski cytotoxicityevaluationofcyprodinilpotentiallycarcinogenicchemicalmicropollutantforoxidativestressapoptosisandcellmembraneinteractions |