Experimental and Simulation Research Progress on the Solidification Structure Evolution of High Chromium Cast Iron

High-chromium cast irons (HCCIs) have emerged as preferred materials for critical wear-resistant components operating under extreme conditions, owing to their excellent wear resistance, low cost, and good castability. They are widely used in metallurgy, energy, and mechanical engineering industries....

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Main Authors: Longxiao Huang, Yang Liu, Hanguang Fu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Metals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/6/663
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author Longxiao Huang
Yang Liu
Hanguang Fu
author_facet Longxiao Huang
Yang Liu
Hanguang Fu
author_sort Longxiao Huang
collection DOAJ
description High-chromium cast irons (HCCIs) have emerged as preferred materials for critical wear-resistant components operating under extreme conditions, owing to their excellent wear resistance, low cost, and good castability. They are widely used in metallurgy, energy, and mechanical engineering industries. The evolution of solidification microstructure directly governs the final properties of HCCIs, making the in-depth investigation of their solidification behavior of great significance. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent experimental and simulation-based advances in understanding the solidification microstructure evolution of HCCIs. The effects of alloy composition, cooling rate, and inoculation treatments on microstructure development and phase distribution during solidification are critically analyzed. Furthermore, the application of simulation techniques—including thermodynamic modeling, phase-field method, cellular automata, and finite element analysis—is discussed in detail, highlighting their roles in revealing the mechanisms of microstructural evolution. Finally, the current challenges and potential future research directions in the study of the solidification behavior of high-chromium cast irons are outlined.
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spelling doaj-art-cc4479fa29e746dcb23f3d153b43c0652025-08-20T02:21:10ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012025-06-0115666310.3390/met15060663Experimental and Simulation Research Progress on the Solidification Structure Evolution of High Chromium Cast IronLongxiao Huang0Yang Liu1Hanguang Fu2State Key Laboratory of Materials Low-Carbon Recycling, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Education Ministry of China, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Materials Low-Carbon Recycling, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Education Ministry of China, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Materials Low-Carbon Recycling, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Education Ministry of China, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, ChinaHigh-chromium cast irons (HCCIs) have emerged as preferred materials for critical wear-resistant components operating under extreme conditions, owing to their excellent wear resistance, low cost, and good castability. They are widely used in metallurgy, energy, and mechanical engineering industries. The evolution of solidification microstructure directly governs the final properties of HCCIs, making the in-depth investigation of their solidification behavior of great significance. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent experimental and simulation-based advances in understanding the solidification microstructure evolution of HCCIs. The effects of alloy composition, cooling rate, and inoculation treatments on microstructure development and phase distribution during solidification are critically analyzed. Furthermore, the application of simulation techniques—including thermodynamic modeling, phase-field method, cellular automata, and finite element analysis—is discussed in detail, highlighting their roles in revealing the mechanisms of microstructural evolution. Finally, the current challenges and potential future research directions in the study of the solidification behavior of high-chromium cast irons are outlined.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/6/663high-chromium cast ironssolidificationmicrostructure evolutionsimulation
spellingShingle Longxiao Huang
Yang Liu
Hanguang Fu
Experimental and Simulation Research Progress on the Solidification Structure Evolution of High Chromium Cast Iron
Metals
high-chromium cast irons
solidification
microstructure evolution
simulation
title Experimental and Simulation Research Progress on the Solidification Structure Evolution of High Chromium Cast Iron
title_full Experimental and Simulation Research Progress on the Solidification Structure Evolution of High Chromium Cast Iron
title_fullStr Experimental and Simulation Research Progress on the Solidification Structure Evolution of High Chromium Cast Iron
title_full_unstemmed Experimental and Simulation Research Progress on the Solidification Structure Evolution of High Chromium Cast Iron
title_short Experimental and Simulation Research Progress on the Solidification Structure Evolution of High Chromium Cast Iron
title_sort experimental and simulation research progress on the solidification structure evolution of high chromium cast iron
topic high-chromium cast irons
solidification
microstructure evolution
simulation
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/6/663
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