Generating MODIS hourly land surface temperature under clear sky conditions using Fourier series analysis

Land surface temperature (LST) data with high temporal and spatial resolution are used in many studies, e.g. to assess climate changes, land–atmosphere interactions, surface energy balance, etc. However, clouds and the limitations of geostationary and polar orbiting satellites hinder the collection...

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Main Authors: Hadi Zare Khormizi, Mohammad Jafari, Hamidreza Ghafarian Malamiri, Ali Tavili, Hamidreza Keshtkar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-02-01
Series:International Journal of Applied Earth Observations and Geoinformation
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S156984322400699X
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author Hadi Zare Khormizi
Mohammad Jafari
Hamidreza Ghafarian Malamiri
Ali Tavili
Hamidreza Keshtkar
author_facet Hadi Zare Khormizi
Mohammad Jafari
Hamidreza Ghafarian Malamiri
Ali Tavili
Hamidreza Keshtkar
author_sort Hadi Zare Khormizi
collection DOAJ
description Land surface temperature (LST) data with high temporal and spatial resolution are used in many studies, e.g. to assess climate changes, land–atmosphere interactions, surface energy balance, etc. However, clouds and the limitations of geostationary and polar orbiting satellites hinder the collection of high-quality thermal infrared (TIR) data. This research aims to generate hourly LST data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) with four daily observations. The Multi-channel Singular Spectrum Analysis (M−SSA) algorithm was used to reconstruct lost data due to clouds in the MODIS annual LST time series. Subsequently, Fourier series analysis was employed to generate hourly LST data based on the four MODIS observations per day. The developed Fourier series model was evaluated using hourly LST data from Meteosat-9 and ground surface soil temperature data at eight different Ameriflux sites. The evaluation of the Fourier series model showed that the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and coefficient of determination (R2) between the hourly LST data from the Meteosat-9 satellite and the hourly LST data generated by the Fourier series model using four simultaneous MODIS observations averaged 1.70 Kelvin and 0.98, respectively, throughout Iran. For Ameriflux sites, the average RMSE and R2 were 1.15 K and 0.98 between the surface soil temperature data and the surface soil temperature data generated using four simultaneous MODIS observations per day, respectively. Notably, the highest RMSE was observed during sunrise and sunset.
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spelling doaj-art-cc44686138a9433f9dab6d0d4c2e05fc2025-08-20T03:11:57ZengElsevierInternational Journal of Applied Earth Observations and Geoinformation1569-84322025-02-0113610434110.1016/j.jag.2024.104341Generating MODIS hourly land surface temperature under clear sky conditions using Fourier series analysisHadi Zare Khormizi0Mohammad Jafari1Hamidreza Ghafarian Malamiri2Ali Tavili3Hamidreza Keshtkar4Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, IranFaculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran; Corresponding author.Department of Geography, Yazd University, Yazd 8915818411, IranFaculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, IranFaculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, IranLand surface temperature (LST) data with high temporal and spatial resolution are used in many studies, e.g. to assess climate changes, land–atmosphere interactions, surface energy balance, etc. However, clouds and the limitations of geostationary and polar orbiting satellites hinder the collection of high-quality thermal infrared (TIR) data. This research aims to generate hourly LST data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) with four daily observations. The Multi-channel Singular Spectrum Analysis (M−SSA) algorithm was used to reconstruct lost data due to clouds in the MODIS annual LST time series. Subsequently, Fourier series analysis was employed to generate hourly LST data based on the four MODIS observations per day. The developed Fourier series model was evaluated using hourly LST data from Meteosat-9 and ground surface soil temperature data at eight different Ameriflux sites. The evaluation of the Fourier series model showed that the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and coefficient of determination (R2) between the hourly LST data from the Meteosat-9 satellite and the hourly LST data generated by the Fourier series model using four simultaneous MODIS observations averaged 1.70 Kelvin and 0.98, respectively, throughout Iran. For Ameriflux sites, the average RMSE and R2 were 1.15 K and 0.98 between the surface soil temperature data and the surface soil temperature data generated using four simultaneous MODIS observations per day, respectively. Notably, the highest RMSE was observed during sunrise and sunset.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S156984322400699XCloudsDiurnal Temperature CycleFourier seriesReconstructionTemporal resolutionTime series
spellingShingle Hadi Zare Khormizi
Mohammad Jafari
Hamidreza Ghafarian Malamiri
Ali Tavili
Hamidreza Keshtkar
Generating MODIS hourly land surface temperature under clear sky conditions using Fourier series analysis
International Journal of Applied Earth Observations and Geoinformation
Clouds
Diurnal Temperature Cycle
Fourier series
Reconstruction
Temporal resolution
Time series
title Generating MODIS hourly land surface temperature under clear sky conditions using Fourier series analysis
title_full Generating MODIS hourly land surface temperature under clear sky conditions using Fourier series analysis
title_fullStr Generating MODIS hourly land surface temperature under clear sky conditions using Fourier series analysis
title_full_unstemmed Generating MODIS hourly land surface temperature under clear sky conditions using Fourier series analysis
title_short Generating MODIS hourly land surface temperature under clear sky conditions using Fourier series analysis
title_sort generating modis hourly land surface temperature under clear sky conditions using fourier series analysis
topic Clouds
Diurnal Temperature Cycle
Fourier series
Reconstruction
Temporal resolution
Time series
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S156984322400699X
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