Incidence of bleeding and performance of the PRECISE-DAPT score in predicting bleeding in patients on dual antiplatelet therapy after treatment for acute coronary syndrome in Kenya

Abstract Introduction Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (DAPT) plays an important role in the secondary prevention of ischemic events after treatment for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The long-term use of DAPT is associated with an increased risk of bleeding, which affects morbidity and mortality. Risk str...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Peter Mugo, Mohamed Jeilan, Miriam Msunza, James Orwa, Mzee Ngunga
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-02-01
Series:BMC Cardiovascular Disorders
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-024-04434-5
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849767444879507456
author Peter Mugo
Mohamed Jeilan
Miriam Msunza
James Orwa
Mzee Ngunga
author_facet Peter Mugo
Mohamed Jeilan
Miriam Msunza
James Orwa
Mzee Ngunga
author_sort Peter Mugo
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Introduction Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (DAPT) plays an important role in the secondary prevention of ischemic events after treatment for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The long-term use of DAPT is associated with an increased risk of bleeding, which affects morbidity and mortality. Risk stratification scores have been developed to predict this risk and provide a balance against the risk of ischemic events. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of bleeding in a cohort of patients in Kenya on DAPT and assess the performance of the PRECISE-DAPT Score in predicting the risk of bleeding. Methods This was a retrospective study conducted in three hospitals in Kenya among patients on DAPT after ACS between January 2019 and April 2022. We reviewed medical records for demographic and clinical characteristics and conducted telephone interviews to assess bleeding for patients on DAPT for a minimum period of one year. Bleeding events were categorized according to the TIMI criteria for bleeding, and the PRECISE-DAPT Score was calculated using an online calculator. The cumulative one-year incidence of bleeding was calculated and presented as frequencies and percentages. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and C-statistics were used to quantify the ability of the PRECISE-DAPT Score to predict bleeding events, whereas calibration was estimated using the Hosmer‒Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test. Results A total of 202 patients were enrolled in the study. The study population was predominantly male (n = 156, 77.2%) and African (n = 141, 69.8%), with a median age of 61 years (IQR 52–72). Majority were admitted with ST-Elevation Myocardial infarction (STEMI) (n = 126, 62.4%) and had a mildly reduced left ventricle ejection fraction (n = 124, 61.4%). Fourteen patients (6.9%) met the TIMI criteria for bleeding, of whom 11 (5.4%) had minimal bleeding and 3 (1.5%) had minor bleeding. There was no incidence of major bleeding. The discrimination and calibration of the PRECISE-DAPT Score was good {ROC curve 0.699 (95% CI: 0.564–0.835)} and the Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test (Chi-square, 6.53; p = 0.588), respectively. Conclusion The incidence of bleeding was low, with the majority of patients having minimal bleeding that did not require medical intervention. The PRECISE-DAPT Score performed well in predicting bleeding in patients on DAPT.
format Article
id doaj-art-cc3bb3981c334055a5ed7536c078e8e2
institution DOAJ
issn 1471-2261
language English
publishDate 2025-02-01
publisher BMC
record_format Article
series BMC Cardiovascular Disorders
spelling doaj-art-cc3bb3981c334055a5ed7536c078e8e22025-08-20T03:04:11ZengBMCBMC Cardiovascular Disorders1471-22612025-02-0125111110.1186/s12872-024-04434-5Incidence of bleeding and performance of the PRECISE-DAPT score in predicting bleeding in patients on dual antiplatelet therapy after treatment for acute coronary syndrome in KenyaPeter Mugo0Mohamed Jeilan1Miriam Msunza2James Orwa3Mzee Ngunga4Department of Internal Medicine, Aga Khan University HospitalDepartment of Internal Medicine, Aga Khan University HospitalDepartment of Internal Medicine, Aga Khan University HospitalDepartment of Population Health, Aga Khan UniversityDepartment of Internal Medicine, Aga Khan University HospitalAbstract Introduction Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (DAPT) plays an important role in the secondary prevention of ischemic events after treatment for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The long-term use of DAPT is associated with an increased risk of bleeding, which affects morbidity and mortality. Risk stratification scores have been developed to predict this risk and provide a balance against the risk of ischemic events. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of bleeding in a cohort of patients in Kenya on DAPT and assess the performance of the PRECISE-DAPT Score in predicting the risk of bleeding. Methods This was a retrospective study conducted in three hospitals in Kenya among patients on DAPT after ACS between January 2019 and April 2022. We reviewed medical records for demographic and clinical characteristics and conducted telephone interviews to assess bleeding for patients on DAPT for a minimum period of one year. Bleeding events were categorized according to the TIMI criteria for bleeding, and the PRECISE-DAPT Score was calculated using an online calculator. The cumulative one-year incidence of bleeding was calculated and presented as frequencies and percentages. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and C-statistics were used to quantify the ability of the PRECISE-DAPT Score to predict bleeding events, whereas calibration was estimated using the Hosmer‒Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test. Results A total of 202 patients were enrolled in the study. The study population was predominantly male (n = 156, 77.2%) and African (n = 141, 69.8%), with a median age of 61 years (IQR 52–72). Majority were admitted with ST-Elevation Myocardial infarction (STEMI) (n = 126, 62.4%) and had a mildly reduced left ventricle ejection fraction (n = 124, 61.4%). Fourteen patients (6.9%) met the TIMI criteria for bleeding, of whom 11 (5.4%) had minimal bleeding and 3 (1.5%) had minor bleeding. There was no incidence of major bleeding. The discrimination and calibration of the PRECISE-DAPT Score was good {ROC curve 0.699 (95% CI: 0.564–0.835)} and the Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test (Chi-square, 6.53; p = 0.588), respectively. Conclusion The incidence of bleeding was low, with the majority of patients having minimal bleeding that did not require medical intervention. The PRECISE-DAPT Score performed well in predicting bleeding in patients on DAPT.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-024-04434-5BleedingAcute coronary syndromeDual antiplatelet therapyKenyaPRECISE-DAPT score
spellingShingle Peter Mugo
Mohamed Jeilan
Miriam Msunza
James Orwa
Mzee Ngunga
Incidence of bleeding and performance of the PRECISE-DAPT score in predicting bleeding in patients on dual antiplatelet therapy after treatment for acute coronary syndrome in Kenya
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders
Bleeding
Acute coronary syndrome
Dual antiplatelet therapy
Kenya
PRECISE-DAPT score
title Incidence of bleeding and performance of the PRECISE-DAPT score in predicting bleeding in patients on dual antiplatelet therapy after treatment for acute coronary syndrome in Kenya
title_full Incidence of bleeding and performance of the PRECISE-DAPT score in predicting bleeding in patients on dual antiplatelet therapy after treatment for acute coronary syndrome in Kenya
title_fullStr Incidence of bleeding and performance of the PRECISE-DAPT score in predicting bleeding in patients on dual antiplatelet therapy after treatment for acute coronary syndrome in Kenya
title_full_unstemmed Incidence of bleeding and performance of the PRECISE-DAPT score in predicting bleeding in patients on dual antiplatelet therapy after treatment for acute coronary syndrome in Kenya
title_short Incidence of bleeding and performance of the PRECISE-DAPT score in predicting bleeding in patients on dual antiplatelet therapy after treatment for acute coronary syndrome in Kenya
title_sort incidence of bleeding and performance of the precise dapt score in predicting bleeding in patients on dual antiplatelet therapy after treatment for acute coronary syndrome in kenya
topic Bleeding
Acute coronary syndrome
Dual antiplatelet therapy
Kenya
PRECISE-DAPT score
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-024-04434-5
work_keys_str_mv AT petermugo incidenceofbleedingandperformanceoftheprecisedaptscoreinpredictingbleedinginpatientsondualantiplatelettherapyaftertreatmentforacutecoronarysyndromeinkenya
AT mohamedjeilan incidenceofbleedingandperformanceoftheprecisedaptscoreinpredictingbleedinginpatientsondualantiplatelettherapyaftertreatmentforacutecoronarysyndromeinkenya
AT miriammsunza incidenceofbleedingandperformanceoftheprecisedaptscoreinpredictingbleedinginpatientsondualantiplatelettherapyaftertreatmentforacutecoronarysyndromeinkenya
AT jamesorwa incidenceofbleedingandperformanceoftheprecisedaptscoreinpredictingbleedinginpatientsondualantiplatelettherapyaftertreatmentforacutecoronarysyndromeinkenya
AT mzeengunga incidenceofbleedingandperformanceoftheprecisedaptscoreinpredictingbleedinginpatientsondualantiplatelettherapyaftertreatmentforacutecoronarysyndromeinkenya