Exploring the Potential of Extracellular Vesicles from Atlantic Cod (<i>Gadus morhua</i> L.) Serum and Mucus for Wound Healing In Vitro
Novel therapeutic approaches for wound healing have included biomaterials from the Atlantic cod (<i>Gadus morhua</i> L.), with promising results in wound management. The use of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which can be isolated from cod biofluids, remains to be studied. EVs play key rol...
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MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/7/870 |
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| author | Stefania D’Alessio Igor Kraev Bergljót Magnadóttir Sigrun Lange |
| author_facet | Stefania D’Alessio Igor Kraev Bergljót Magnadóttir Sigrun Lange |
| author_sort | Stefania D’Alessio |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Novel therapeutic approaches for wound healing have included biomaterials from the Atlantic cod (<i>Gadus morhua</i> L.), with promising results in wound management. The use of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which can be isolated from cod biofluids, remains to be studied. EVs play key roles in cellular communication, and their use both as biomarkers and as therapeutic agents is widely reported in human pathologies, particularly with respect to mesenchymal stem cells. This pilot study characterized the total proteomic cargo content of EVs from cod serum and mucus and assessed the EVs’ potential for regenerative activity in wound-healing processes, using human and mouse fibroblast and keratinocyte in vitro scratch injury models. The pro-regenerative potential of both cod serum EVs and mucus EVs was identified, with differing capacities for accelerating wound closure in fibroblast and keratinocyte cells. This was further supported by varying effects of the cod serum EVs and mucus EVs on cellular vimentin and FGF-2 levels. The serum EV and mucus EV protein cargoes differed with respect to abundance of protein hits and associated enriched functional GO and KEGG pathways, but both were associated with immune, stress and wound-healing processes. Cod EVs may present as innovative therapeutic options for regenerative medicine applications, and our reported findings provide valuable insights for future in-depth studies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cc3a464838d04605a7ed0834f597c86d |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-cc3a464838d04605a7ed0834f597c86d2025-08-20T02:45:43ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372025-07-0114787010.3390/biology14070870Exploring the Potential of Extracellular Vesicles from Atlantic Cod (<i>Gadus morhua</i> L.) Serum and Mucus for Wound Healing In VitroStefania D’Alessio0Igor Kraev1Bergljót Magnadóttir2Sigrun Lange3Pathobiology and Extracellular Vesicles Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UKElectron Microscopy Suite, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UKInstitute for Experimental Pathology, University of Iceland, Keldnavegur 3, 112 Reykjavik, IcelandPathobiology and Extracellular Vesicles Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UKNovel therapeutic approaches for wound healing have included biomaterials from the Atlantic cod (<i>Gadus morhua</i> L.), with promising results in wound management. The use of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which can be isolated from cod biofluids, remains to be studied. EVs play key roles in cellular communication, and their use both as biomarkers and as therapeutic agents is widely reported in human pathologies, particularly with respect to mesenchymal stem cells. This pilot study characterized the total proteomic cargo content of EVs from cod serum and mucus and assessed the EVs’ potential for regenerative activity in wound-healing processes, using human and mouse fibroblast and keratinocyte in vitro scratch injury models. The pro-regenerative potential of both cod serum EVs and mucus EVs was identified, with differing capacities for accelerating wound closure in fibroblast and keratinocyte cells. This was further supported by varying effects of the cod serum EVs and mucus EVs on cellular vimentin and FGF-2 levels. The serum EV and mucus EV protein cargoes differed with respect to abundance of protein hits and associated enriched functional GO and KEGG pathways, but both were associated with immune, stress and wound-healing processes. Cod EVs may present as innovative therapeutic options for regenerative medicine applications, and our reported findings provide valuable insights for future in-depth studies.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/7/870Atlantic cod (<i>Gadus morhua</i> L.)extracellular vesiclestissue regenerationwound healingFGFvimentin |
| spellingShingle | Stefania D’Alessio Igor Kraev Bergljót Magnadóttir Sigrun Lange Exploring the Potential of Extracellular Vesicles from Atlantic Cod (<i>Gadus morhua</i> L.) Serum and Mucus for Wound Healing In Vitro Biology Atlantic cod (<i>Gadus morhua</i> L.) extracellular vesicles tissue regeneration wound healing FGF vimentin |
| title | Exploring the Potential of Extracellular Vesicles from Atlantic Cod (<i>Gadus morhua</i> L.) Serum and Mucus for Wound Healing In Vitro |
| title_full | Exploring the Potential of Extracellular Vesicles from Atlantic Cod (<i>Gadus morhua</i> L.) Serum and Mucus for Wound Healing In Vitro |
| title_fullStr | Exploring the Potential of Extracellular Vesicles from Atlantic Cod (<i>Gadus morhua</i> L.) Serum and Mucus for Wound Healing In Vitro |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring the Potential of Extracellular Vesicles from Atlantic Cod (<i>Gadus morhua</i> L.) Serum and Mucus for Wound Healing In Vitro |
| title_short | Exploring the Potential of Extracellular Vesicles from Atlantic Cod (<i>Gadus morhua</i> L.) Serum and Mucus for Wound Healing In Vitro |
| title_sort | exploring the potential of extracellular vesicles from atlantic cod i gadus morhua i l serum and mucus for wound healing in vitro |
| topic | Atlantic cod (<i>Gadus morhua</i> L.) extracellular vesicles tissue regeneration wound healing FGF vimentin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/7/870 |
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