Authenticating Raw from Reconstituted Milk Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics was used to authenticate raw milk from their reconstituted counterparts. First, the explanatory principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to visualize the relationship between raw and reconstituted milk samples. However,...

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Main Authors: Lijuan Du, Weiying Lu, Boyan Gao, Jing Wang, Liangli (Lucy) Yu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2019-01-01
Series:Journal of Food Quality
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5487890
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author Lijuan Du
Weiying Lu
Boyan Gao
Jing Wang
Liangli (Lucy) Yu
author_facet Lijuan Du
Weiying Lu
Boyan Gao
Jing Wang
Liangli (Lucy) Yu
author_sort Lijuan Du
collection DOAJ
description Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics was used to authenticate raw milk from their reconstituted counterparts. First, the explanatory principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to visualize the relationship between raw and reconstituted milk samples. However, the degree of separation between two sample classes was not significant according to direct observation of the scores plot, indicating FTIR spectra may contain complicated chemical information. Second, partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) that incorporate additional class membership information as modelling input was further calculated. The PLS-DA scores yielded clear separation between two classes of samples. Additionally, possible components from the model loading were studied, and the PLS-DA model was validated internally under the model population analysis framework, as well as externally using an independent test set. This study gave insights into the authentication of milk using FTIR spectroscopy with chemometrics techniques.
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id doaj-art-cc38a10ed8cf47baa2140fed22db307e
institution OA Journals
issn 0146-9428
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language English
publishDate 2019-01-01
publisher Wiley
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series Journal of Food Quality
spelling doaj-art-cc38a10ed8cf47baa2140fed22db307e2025-08-20T02:19:58ZengWileyJournal of Food Quality0146-94281745-45572019-01-01201910.1155/2019/54878905487890Authenticating Raw from Reconstituted Milk Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and ChemometricsLijuan Du0Weiying Lu1Boyan Gao2Jing Wang3Liangli (Lucy) Yu4Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, ChinaInstitute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaInstitute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, ChinaDepartment of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USAFourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics was used to authenticate raw milk from their reconstituted counterparts. First, the explanatory principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to visualize the relationship between raw and reconstituted milk samples. However, the degree of separation between two sample classes was not significant according to direct observation of the scores plot, indicating FTIR spectra may contain complicated chemical information. Second, partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) that incorporate additional class membership information as modelling input was further calculated. The PLS-DA scores yielded clear separation between two classes of samples. Additionally, possible components from the model loading were studied, and the PLS-DA model was validated internally under the model population analysis framework, as well as externally using an independent test set. This study gave insights into the authentication of milk using FTIR spectroscopy with chemometrics techniques.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5487890
spellingShingle Lijuan Du
Weiying Lu
Boyan Gao
Jing Wang
Liangli (Lucy) Yu
Authenticating Raw from Reconstituted Milk Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics
Journal of Food Quality
title Authenticating Raw from Reconstituted Milk Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics
title_full Authenticating Raw from Reconstituted Milk Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics
title_fullStr Authenticating Raw from Reconstituted Milk Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics
title_full_unstemmed Authenticating Raw from Reconstituted Milk Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics
title_short Authenticating Raw from Reconstituted Milk Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics
title_sort authenticating raw from reconstituted milk using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5487890
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