Authenticating Raw from Reconstituted Milk Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics was used to authenticate raw milk from their reconstituted counterparts. First, the explanatory principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to visualize the relationship between raw and reconstituted milk samples. However,...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2019-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Food Quality |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5487890 |
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| _version_ | 1850172805098766336 |
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| author | Lijuan Du Weiying Lu Boyan Gao Jing Wang Liangli (Lucy) Yu |
| author_facet | Lijuan Du Weiying Lu Boyan Gao Jing Wang Liangli (Lucy) Yu |
| author_sort | Lijuan Du |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics was used to authenticate raw milk from their reconstituted counterparts. First, the explanatory principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to visualize the relationship between raw and reconstituted milk samples. However, the degree of separation between two sample classes was not significant according to direct observation of the scores plot, indicating FTIR spectra may contain complicated chemical information. Second, partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) that incorporate additional class membership information as modelling input was further calculated. The PLS-DA scores yielded clear separation between two classes of samples. Additionally, possible components from the model loading were studied, and the PLS-DA model was validated internally under the model population analysis framework, as well as externally using an independent test set. This study gave insights into the authentication of milk using FTIR spectroscopy with chemometrics techniques. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cc38a10ed8cf47baa2140fed22db307e |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 0146-9428 1745-4557 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Food Quality |
| spelling | doaj-art-cc38a10ed8cf47baa2140fed22db307e2025-08-20T02:19:58ZengWileyJournal of Food Quality0146-94281745-45572019-01-01201910.1155/2019/54878905487890Authenticating Raw from Reconstituted Milk Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and ChemometricsLijuan Du0Weiying Lu1Boyan Gao2Jing Wang3Liangli (Lucy) Yu4Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, ChinaInstitute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaInstitute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, ChinaDepartment of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USAFourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics was used to authenticate raw milk from their reconstituted counterparts. First, the explanatory principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to visualize the relationship between raw and reconstituted milk samples. However, the degree of separation between two sample classes was not significant according to direct observation of the scores plot, indicating FTIR spectra may contain complicated chemical information. Second, partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) that incorporate additional class membership information as modelling input was further calculated. The PLS-DA scores yielded clear separation between two classes of samples. Additionally, possible components from the model loading were studied, and the PLS-DA model was validated internally under the model population analysis framework, as well as externally using an independent test set. This study gave insights into the authentication of milk using FTIR spectroscopy with chemometrics techniques.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5487890 |
| spellingShingle | Lijuan Du Weiying Lu Boyan Gao Jing Wang Liangli (Lucy) Yu Authenticating Raw from Reconstituted Milk Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics Journal of Food Quality |
| title | Authenticating Raw from Reconstituted Milk Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics |
| title_full | Authenticating Raw from Reconstituted Milk Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics |
| title_fullStr | Authenticating Raw from Reconstituted Milk Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Authenticating Raw from Reconstituted Milk Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics |
| title_short | Authenticating Raw from Reconstituted Milk Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics |
| title_sort | authenticating raw from reconstituted milk using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5487890 |
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