ZnCl2-activated S/N-doped biochar for low-temperature NH3-SCR of NOx: Performance and pathway analysis

Carbon-based catalysts for low-temperature denitrification were prepared from wheat straw via ZnCl2 activation and thiourea doping. The catalysts were systematically characterized using BET surface area analysis, NH3-TPD, XPS, and transient response experiments. The ZnCl2-activated catalyst exhibite...

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Main Authors: Shuangshuang Yan, Dongmei Bi, Chengxizi Zhang, Zhisen He, Yu Ni, Kang Yue, Shanjian Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Green Energy and Resources
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949720525000207
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author Shuangshuang Yan
Dongmei Bi
Chengxizi Zhang
Zhisen He
Yu Ni
Kang Yue
Shanjian Liu
author_facet Shuangshuang Yan
Dongmei Bi
Chengxizi Zhang
Zhisen He
Yu Ni
Kang Yue
Shanjian Liu
author_sort Shuangshuang Yan
collection DOAJ
description Carbon-based catalysts for low-temperature denitrification were prepared from wheat straw via ZnCl2 activation and thiourea doping. The catalysts were systematically characterized using BET surface area analysis, NH3-TPD, XPS, and transient response experiments. The ZnCl2-activated catalyst exhibited a NOx reduction efficiency of 45.1%. To further enhance the denitrification performance, the Z1.2 biochar was co-doped with sulfur and nitrogen. Experimental results demonstrated that the SN2.5Z1.2/AC biochar catalyst achieved a maximum NO conversion of 88% within the temperature range of 50–260°C and exhibited stable activity in long-term durability tests. Sulfur and nitrogen co-doping markedly increased the number of strong acid sites and surface chemisorbed oxygen (Oα), thereby facilitating the formation of N-6 functional groups. The presence of C-SO3-H species may be a critical factor contributing to the enhanced NOx conversion. The denitrification process over sulfur- and nitrogen-doped biochar follows both the Eley-Rideal (E-R) and Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) mechanisms, wherein •NH2 radicals play a pivotal role in the reduction of NO to its gaseous and adsorbed forms.
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publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher Elsevier
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series Green Energy and Resources
spelling doaj-art-cc31bc75ad7a4a46ad3a8dccc387eacc2025-08-20T03:09:05ZengElsevierGreen Energy and Resources2949-72052025-06-013210013310.1016/j.gerr.2025.100133ZnCl2-activated S/N-doped biochar for low-temperature NH3-SCR of NOx: Performance and pathway analysisShuangshuang Yan0Dongmei Bi1Chengxizi Zhang2Zhisen He3Yu Ni4Kang Yue5Shanjian Liu6School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China; Branch of State Key Laboratory of Woody Oil Resources Utilization at Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, ChinaSchool of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China; Branch of State Key Laboratory of Woody Oil Resources Utilization at Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China; Corresponding author.School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China; Branch of State Key Laboratory of Woody Oil Resources Utilization at Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, ChinaSchool of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China; Branch of State Key Laboratory of Woody Oil Resources Utilization at Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China; School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United KingdomSchool of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China; Branch of State Key Laboratory of Woody Oil Resources Utilization at Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, ChinaSchool of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China; Branch of State Key Laboratory of Woody Oil Resources Utilization at Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, ChinaSchool of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China; Branch of State Key Laboratory of Woody Oil Resources Utilization at Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China; School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United KingdomCarbon-based catalysts for low-temperature denitrification were prepared from wheat straw via ZnCl2 activation and thiourea doping. The catalysts were systematically characterized using BET surface area analysis, NH3-TPD, XPS, and transient response experiments. The ZnCl2-activated catalyst exhibited a NOx reduction efficiency of 45.1%. To further enhance the denitrification performance, the Z1.2 biochar was co-doped with sulfur and nitrogen. Experimental results demonstrated that the SN2.5Z1.2/AC biochar catalyst achieved a maximum NO conversion of 88% within the temperature range of 50–260°C and exhibited stable activity in long-term durability tests. Sulfur and nitrogen co-doping markedly increased the number of strong acid sites and surface chemisorbed oxygen (Oα), thereby facilitating the formation of N-6 functional groups. The presence of C-SO3-H species may be a critical factor contributing to the enhanced NOx conversion. The denitrification process over sulfur- and nitrogen-doped biochar follows both the Eley-Rideal (E-R) and Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) mechanisms, wherein •NH2 radicals play a pivotal role in the reduction of NO to its gaseous and adsorbed forms.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949720525000207NOxNH3-SCRBiocharN2 selectivityReaction mechanism
spellingShingle Shuangshuang Yan
Dongmei Bi
Chengxizi Zhang
Zhisen He
Yu Ni
Kang Yue
Shanjian Liu
ZnCl2-activated S/N-doped biochar for low-temperature NH3-SCR of NOx: Performance and pathway analysis
Green Energy and Resources
NOx
NH3-SCR
Biochar
N2 selectivity
Reaction mechanism
title ZnCl2-activated S/N-doped biochar for low-temperature NH3-SCR of NOx: Performance and pathway analysis
title_full ZnCl2-activated S/N-doped biochar for low-temperature NH3-SCR of NOx: Performance and pathway analysis
title_fullStr ZnCl2-activated S/N-doped biochar for low-temperature NH3-SCR of NOx: Performance and pathway analysis
title_full_unstemmed ZnCl2-activated S/N-doped biochar for low-temperature NH3-SCR of NOx: Performance and pathway analysis
title_short ZnCl2-activated S/N-doped biochar for low-temperature NH3-SCR of NOx: Performance and pathway analysis
title_sort zncl2 activated s n doped biochar for low temperature nh3 scr of nox performance and pathway analysis
topic NOx
NH3-SCR
Biochar
N2 selectivity
Reaction mechanism
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949720525000207
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