Recombinant <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Improves Growth and Protein Utilization and Regulates PI3K/AKT/TOR Pathway-Related Genes in Chinese Mitten Crab (<i>Eriocheir sinensis</i>)
The inclusion of suitable quantities of plant protein hydrolysates in feed enhances the growth performance of aquatic animals, a benefit closely linked to the bioactive peptides generated during plant protein hydrolysis. In our previous study, we developed a recombinant <i>Bacillus subtilis<...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-06-01
|
| Series: | Animals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/12/1732 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849423727890006016 |
|---|---|
| author | Yongmin Li Shengyu Gao Wenbin Liu Xiangfei Li Guangzhen Jiang Chaofan He |
| author_facet | Yongmin Li Shengyu Gao Wenbin Liu Xiangfei Li Guangzhen Jiang Chaofan He |
| author_sort | Yongmin Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The inclusion of suitable quantities of plant protein hydrolysates in feed enhances the growth performance of aquatic animals, a benefit closely linked to the bioactive peptides generated during plant protein hydrolysis. In our previous study, we developed a recombinant <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> expressing the P4’ peptide of cottonseed meal (P4’ peptide-bearing <i>B. subtilis</i>). We observed that the addition of this recombinant <i>B. subtilis</i> at a dose of 10<sup>9</sup> CFU/kg to the diet of <i>E. sinensis</i> produced a significant growth-promoting effect. The mechanism underlying this growth-promoting effect remains unclear. This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of feed supplementation with P4’ peptide-bearing <i>B. subtilis</i> on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, serum protein content, antioxidant-related enzyme activities, and genes associated with the PI3K/AKT/TOR pathway in the Chinese mitten crab (<i>Eriocheir sinensis</i>). A total of 240 crabs (mean body weight: 0.85 ± 0.01) were randomly assigned to three groups and provided with three distinct diets: one without <i>B. subtilis</i> (CON), one containing 10<sup>9</sup> CFU/kg of unmodified <i>B. subtilis</i> (BS9), and one with P4’ peptide-bearing <i>B. subtilis</i> (RBS9) at 10<sup>9</sup> CFU/kg. After 8 weeks of feeding, the BS9 and RBS9 groups had significantly increased specific growth rate, average body weight, muscle crude protein content, hemolymph total protein/albumin/globulin levels, hepatopancreatic digestive enzyme (protease and amylase) activities, and <i>tor</i> expression in crabs compared to the CON group. Conversely, muscle water content, hepatopancreatic ROS levels, and <i>4ebp-1</i> expression were significantly reduced. Furthermore, mean body weight, protein retention, muscle crude fat content, total hemolymphatic protein, and globulin content, as well as the hepatopancreatic expression of <i>pi3k</i>, <i>tor</i>, and <i>s6k1</i>, were significantly higher in the RBS9 group compared to the BS9 group. In contrast, the hepatopancreatic ROS level exhibited a declining trend. The result demonstrated that compared to unmodified <i>B. subtilis</i>, incorporating 10<sup>9</sup> CFU/kg P4’ peptide-bearing <i>B. subtilis</i> into the feed significantly enhanced the growth performance and protein deposition in <i>E. sinensis</i>. This enhanced effect coincided with the upregulation of key PI3K/AKT/TOR pathway genes (<i>pi3k</i>, <i>tor</i>, <i>s6k1</i>) and the downregulation of <i>4ebp-1</i> in the hepatopancreatic cells, indicating a potential role of this pathway in mediating the observed growth promotion. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cc2faf78facb41a3943f40f39aa34eaf |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj-art-cc2faf78facb41a3943f40f39aa34eaf2025-08-20T03:30:29ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152025-06-011512173210.3390/ani15121732Recombinant <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Improves Growth and Protein Utilization and Regulates PI3K/AKT/TOR Pathway-Related Genes in Chinese Mitten Crab (<i>Eriocheir sinensis</i>)Yongmin Li0Shengyu Gao1Wenbin Liu2Xiangfei Li3Guangzhen Jiang4Chaofan He5Rural Revitalization Collaborative Technology Service Center of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236041, ChinaRural Revitalization Collaborative Technology Service Center of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236041, ChinaKey Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaKey Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaKey Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaRural Revitalization Collaborative Technology Service Center of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236041, ChinaThe inclusion of suitable quantities of plant protein hydrolysates in feed enhances the growth performance of aquatic animals, a benefit closely linked to the bioactive peptides generated during plant protein hydrolysis. In our previous study, we developed a recombinant <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> expressing the P4’ peptide of cottonseed meal (P4’ peptide-bearing <i>B. subtilis</i>). We observed that the addition of this recombinant <i>B. subtilis</i> at a dose of 10<sup>9</sup> CFU/kg to the diet of <i>E. sinensis</i> produced a significant growth-promoting effect. The mechanism underlying this growth-promoting effect remains unclear. This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of feed supplementation with P4’ peptide-bearing <i>B. subtilis</i> on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, serum protein content, antioxidant-related enzyme activities, and genes associated with the PI3K/AKT/TOR pathway in the Chinese mitten crab (<i>Eriocheir sinensis</i>). A total of 240 crabs (mean body weight: 0.85 ± 0.01) were randomly assigned to three groups and provided with three distinct diets: one without <i>B. subtilis</i> (CON), one containing 10<sup>9</sup> CFU/kg of unmodified <i>B. subtilis</i> (BS9), and one with P4’ peptide-bearing <i>B. subtilis</i> (RBS9) at 10<sup>9</sup> CFU/kg. After 8 weeks of feeding, the BS9 and RBS9 groups had significantly increased specific growth rate, average body weight, muscle crude protein content, hemolymph total protein/albumin/globulin levels, hepatopancreatic digestive enzyme (protease and amylase) activities, and <i>tor</i> expression in crabs compared to the CON group. Conversely, muscle water content, hepatopancreatic ROS levels, and <i>4ebp-1</i> expression were significantly reduced. Furthermore, mean body weight, protein retention, muscle crude fat content, total hemolymphatic protein, and globulin content, as well as the hepatopancreatic expression of <i>pi3k</i>, <i>tor</i>, and <i>s6k1</i>, were significantly higher in the RBS9 group compared to the BS9 group. In contrast, the hepatopancreatic ROS level exhibited a declining trend. The result demonstrated that compared to unmodified <i>B. subtilis</i>, incorporating 10<sup>9</sup> CFU/kg P4’ peptide-bearing <i>B. subtilis</i> into the feed significantly enhanced the growth performance and protein deposition in <i>E. sinensis</i>. This enhanced effect coincided with the upregulation of key PI3K/AKT/TOR pathway genes (<i>pi3k</i>, <i>tor</i>, <i>s6k1</i>) and the downregulation of <i>4ebp-1</i> in the hepatopancreatic cells, indicating a potential role of this pathway in mediating the observed growth promotion.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/12/1732P4’ peptiderecombinant <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>hepatopancreatic gene expression<i>Eriocheir sinensis</i> |
| spellingShingle | Yongmin Li Shengyu Gao Wenbin Liu Xiangfei Li Guangzhen Jiang Chaofan He Recombinant <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Improves Growth and Protein Utilization and Regulates PI3K/AKT/TOR Pathway-Related Genes in Chinese Mitten Crab (<i>Eriocheir sinensis</i>) Animals P4’ peptide recombinant <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> hepatopancreatic gene expression <i>Eriocheir sinensis</i> |
| title | Recombinant <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Improves Growth and Protein Utilization and Regulates PI3K/AKT/TOR Pathway-Related Genes in Chinese Mitten Crab (<i>Eriocheir sinensis</i>) |
| title_full | Recombinant <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Improves Growth and Protein Utilization and Regulates PI3K/AKT/TOR Pathway-Related Genes in Chinese Mitten Crab (<i>Eriocheir sinensis</i>) |
| title_fullStr | Recombinant <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Improves Growth and Protein Utilization and Regulates PI3K/AKT/TOR Pathway-Related Genes in Chinese Mitten Crab (<i>Eriocheir sinensis</i>) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Recombinant <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Improves Growth and Protein Utilization and Regulates PI3K/AKT/TOR Pathway-Related Genes in Chinese Mitten Crab (<i>Eriocheir sinensis</i>) |
| title_short | Recombinant <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Improves Growth and Protein Utilization and Regulates PI3K/AKT/TOR Pathway-Related Genes in Chinese Mitten Crab (<i>Eriocheir sinensis</i>) |
| title_sort | recombinant i bacillus subtilis i improves growth and protein utilization and regulates pi3k akt tor pathway related genes in chinese mitten crab i eriocheir sinensis i |
| topic | P4’ peptide recombinant <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> hepatopancreatic gene expression <i>Eriocheir sinensis</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/12/1732 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yongminli recombinantibacillussubtilisiimprovesgrowthandproteinutilizationandregulatespi3kakttorpathwayrelatedgenesinchinesemittencrabieriocheirsinensisi AT shengyugao recombinantibacillussubtilisiimprovesgrowthandproteinutilizationandregulatespi3kakttorpathwayrelatedgenesinchinesemittencrabieriocheirsinensisi AT wenbinliu recombinantibacillussubtilisiimprovesgrowthandproteinutilizationandregulatespi3kakttorpathwayrelatedgenesinchinesemittencrabieriocheirsinensisi AT xiangfeili recombinantibacillussubtilisiimprovesgrowthandproteinutilizationandregulatespi3kakttorpathwayrelatedgenesinchinesemittencrabieriocheirsinensisi AT guangzhenjiang recombinantibacillussubtilisiimprovesgrowthandproteinutilizationandregulatespi3kakttorpathwayrelatedgenesinchinesemittencrabieriocheirsinensisi AT chaofanhe recombinantibacillussubtilisiimprovesgrowthandproteinutilizationandregulatespi3kakttorpathwayrelatedgenesinchinesemittencrabieriocheirsinensisi |