Why Elections Prompt More Corruption, Clientelism, and Forbearance? A Study of Attitudes in Albania, Kosovo, and North Macedonia

Corruption is often defined as the abuse of public functions for private gain, but research has expanded this view to include clientelism and forbearance, particularly in neo-patrimonial contexts. While forbearance has been widely studied, it remains largely unexplored in Southeastern Europe, where...

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Main Authors: Imami Drini, Polese Abel
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: De Gruyter 2025-06-01
Series:Comparative Southeast European Studies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1515/soeu-2024-0057
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author Imami Drini
Polese Abel
author_facet Imami Drini
Polese Abel
author_sort Imami Drini
collection DOAJ
description Corruption is often defined as the abuse of public functions for private gain, but research has expanded this view to include clientelism and forbearance, particularly in neo-patrimonial contexts. While forbearance has been widely studied, it remains largely unexplored in Southeastern Europe, where corruption is often oversimplified. This article innovatively combines forbearance, electoral corruption, and clientelism to analyse tax authorities’ behaviour during election periods in three Western Balkan countries. Findings suggest that due to staff politicisation and various other motives, tax authorities adjust their actions around elections, aligning with forbearance and electoral clientelism. This behaviour fosters tax evasion and market distortions, highlighting the need for a more in-depth investigation into these dynamics in the region.
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series Comparative Southeast European Studies
spelling doaj-art-cc248ba537bb4cde93d9b71aa1387f2d2025-08-20T04:02:32ZengDe GruyterComparative Southeast European Studies2701-81992701-82022025-06-0173220922910.1515/soeu-2024-0057Why Elections Prompt More Corruption, Clientelism, and Forbearance? A Study of Attitudes in Albania, Kosovo, and North MacedoniaImami Drini0Polese Abel1Faculty of Economics and Agribusiness, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, AlbaniaSchool of Law and Government, Dublin City University, Dublin, IrelandCorruption is often defined as the abuse of public functions for private gain, but research has expanded this view to include clientelism and forbearance, particularly in neo-patrimonial contexts. While forbearance has been widely studied, it remains largely unexplored in Southeastern Europe, where corruption is often oversimplified. This article innovatively combines forbearance, electoral corruption, and clientelism to analyse tax authorities’ behaviour during election periods in three Western Balkan countries. Findings suggest that due to staff politicisation and various other motives, tax authorities adjust their actions around elections, aligning with forbearance and electoral clientelism. This behaviour fosters tax evasion and market distortions, highlighting the need for a more in-depth investigation into these dynamics in the region.https://doi.org/10.1515/soeu-2024-0057corruptioninformalitytax behaviourelectionswestern balkansd72e62h26p16
spellingShingle Imami Drini
Polese Abel
Why Elections Prompt More Corruption, Clientelism, and Forbearance? A Study of Attitudes in Albania, Kosovo, and North Macedonia
Comparative Southeast European Studies
corruption
informality
tax behaviour
elections
western balkans
d72
e62
h26
p16
title Why Elections Prompt More Corruption, Clientelism, and Forbearance? A Study of Attitudes in Albania, Kosovo, and North Macedonia
title_full Why Elections Prompt More Corruption, Clientelism, and Forbearance? A Study of Attitudes in Albania, Kosovo, and North Macedonia
title_fullStr Why Elections Prompt More Corruption, Clientelism, and Forbearance? A Study of Attitudes in Albania, Kosovo, and North Macedonia
title_full_unstemmed Why Elections Prompt More Corruption, Clientelism, and Forbearance? A Study of Attitudes in Albania, Kosovo, and North Macedonia
title_short Why Elections Prompt More Corruption, Clientelism, and Forbearance? A Study of Attitudes in Albania, Kosovo, and North Macedonia
title_sort why elections prompt more corruption clientelism and forbearance a study of attitudes in albania kosovo and north macedonia
topic corruption
informality
tax behaviour
elections
western balkans
d72
e62
h26
p16
url https://doi.org/10.1515/soeu-2024-0057
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