Evaluation of Variability in the Ambient PM2.5 Concentrations from FEM and FRM-like Measurements for Exposure Estimates

Abstract This study aims to evaluate the variability in ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations obtained from the federal equivalent method (FEM) and federal reference method (FRM)-like measurements at the national air quality monitoring stations (AQMSs) for exposure estimates and to...

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Main Authors: Ching-Yi Mou, Chin-Yu Hsu, Mu-Jean Chen, Yu-Cheng Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2020-11-01
Series:Aerosol and Air Quality Research
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2020.05.0217
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author Ching-Yi Mou
Chin-Yu Hsu
Mu-Jean Chen
Yu-Cheng Chen
author_facet Ching-Yi Mou
Chin-Yu Hsu
Mu-Jean Chen
Yu-Cheng Chen
author_sort Ching-Yi Mou
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This study aims to evaluate the variability in ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations obtained from the federal equivalent method (FEM) and federal reference method (FRM)-like measurements at the national air quality monitoring stations (AQMSs) for exposure estimates and to examine the effect of environmental factors and sampling site characteristics affecting the spatial and temporal variations in PM2.5 concentrations. A mixed-effects model was used to evaluate the temporal and spatial variability in daily and annual PM2.5 concentrations during 2014–2017 at 16 AQMSs in the Big Taipei City, Taiwan. The mean FEM PM2.5 concentrations were ~30% higher than the FRM-like PM2.5 concentrations. The FRM-like PM2.5 concentrations obtained by applying the calibration procedures presented a negligible between-site variability. The daily FEM PM2.5 concentrations were dominated by the within-site variability (~90%), whereas the annual concentrations were reasonably attributable to the between-site variability (47.8%). Ambient PM2.5 was mainly affected by the gaseous pollutants (such as NO2, O3, and SO2), accounting for 45.8% and 26.8% of the within-site and between-site variability in concentrations, respectively. The FEM measurements rather than the FRM-like measurements at the AQMSs could provide a higher between-site variability for exposure estimates of PM2.5 in the epidemiological studies.
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publishDate 2020-11-01
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series Aerosol and Air Quality Research
spelling doaj-art-cc1289f98d324173aef0197d71803fa12025-08-20T03:10:57ZengSpringerAerosol and Air Quality Research1680-85842071-14092020-11-0121411210.4209/aaqr.2020.05.0217Evaluation of Variability in the Ambient PM2.5 Concentrations from FEM and FRM-like Measurements for Exposure EstimatesChing-Yi Mou0Chin-Yu Hsu1Mu-Jean Chen2Yu-Cheng Chen3National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research InstitutesDepartment of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of TechnologyNational Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research InstitutesNational Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research InstitutesAbstract This study aims to evaluate the variability in ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations obtained from the federal equivalent method (FEM) and federal reference method (FRM)-like measurements at the national air quality monitoring stations (AQMSs) for exposure estimates and to examine the effect of environmental factors and sampling site characteristics affecting the spatial and temporal variations in PM2.5 concentrations. A mixed-effects model was used to evaluate the temporal and spatial variability in daily and annual PM2.5 concentrations during 2014–2017 at 16 AQMSs in the Big Taipei City, Taiwan. The mean FEM PM2.5 concentrations were ~30% higher than the FRM-like PM2.5 concentrations. The FRM-like PM2.5 concentrations obtained by applying the calibration procedures presented a negligible between-site variability. The daily FEM PM2.5 concentrations were dominated by the within-site variability (~90%), whereas the annual concentrations were reasonably attributable to the between-site variability (47.8%). Ambient PM2.5 was mainly affected by the gaseous pollutants (such as NO2, O3, and SO2), accounting for 45.8% and 26.8% of the within-site and between-site variability in concentrations, respectively. The FEM measurements rather than the FRM-like measurements at the AQMSs could provide a higher between-site variability for exposure estimates of PM2.5 in the epidemiological studies.https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2020.05.0217Ambient PM2.5CalibrationWithin and between variabilityExposure estimates
spellingShingle Ching-Yi Mou
Chin-Yu Hsu
Mu-Jean Chen
Yu-Cheng Chen
Evaluation of Variability in the Ambient PM2.5 Concentrations from FEM and FRM-like Measurements for Exposure Estimates
Aerosol and Air Quality Research
Ambient PM2.5
Calibration
Within and between variability
Exposure estimates
title Evaluation of Variability in the Ambient PM2.5 Concentrations from FEM and FRM-like Measurements for Exposure Estimates
title_full Evaluation of Variability in the Ambient PM2.5 Concentrations from FEM and FRM-like Measurements for Exposure Estimates
title_fullStr Evaluation of Variability in the Ambient PM2.5 Concentrations from FEM and FRM-like Measurements for Exposure Estimates
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of Variability in the Ambient PM2.5 Concentrations from FEM and FRM-like Measurements for Exposure Estimates
title_short Evaluation of Variability in the Ambient PM2.5 Concentrations from FEM and FRM-like Measurements for Exposure Estimates
title_sort evaluation of variability in the ambient pm2 5 concentrations from fem and frm like measurements for exposure estimates
topic Ambient PM2.5
Calibration
Within and between variability
Exposure estimates
url https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2020.05.0217
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