Transcriptomic Analysis of the Spleen from Asian Seabass (<i>Lates calcarifer</i>) Infected with Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus

Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) is an emerging viral pathogen with an expanding host range, posing a significant threat to economically important fish species. In this study, we isolated the ISKNV strain responsible for disease outbreaks in Asian seabass (<i>Lates calcarife...

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Main Authors: Hong-Yi Xin, Lim Xin Ying, Lee Ching Pei Carmen, Mookkan Prabakaran
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Viruses
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/5/728
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author Hong-Yi Xin
Lim Xin Ying
Lee Ching Pei Carmen
Mookkan Prabakaran
author_facet Hong-Yi Xin
Lim Xin Ying
Lee Ching Pei Carmen
Mookkan Prabakaran
author_sort Hong-Yi Xin
collection DOAJ
description Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) is an emerging viral pathogen with an expanding host range, posing a significant threat to economically important fish species. In this study, we isolated the ISKNV strain responsible for disease outbreaks in Asian seabass (<i>Lates calcarifer</i>) and analyzed the transcriptomic profile of spleen tissues from experimentally infected fish. The phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the virus belongs to clade I of ISKNV. Next-generation sequencing identified differentially expressed genes, providing a comprehensive overview of the transcriptional landscape in the spleen of ISKNV-infected fish. The pathway analysis revealed complex host–virus interactions, impacting immune regulation, endocytosis, cell communication, cell cycle arrest, and programmed cell death. To further investigate these interactions, we analyzed relevant pathways in the Reactome database for Asian seabass, humans, and zebrafish, constructed a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network using STRING database, and identified hub genes using six different algorithms. This analysis revealed 69 key genes, including 41 hub genes and 28 key genes that connect different pathways or clusters within the PPI network. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms driving ISKNV infection in Asian seabass. Future research should focus on elucidating the regulatory functions of these key genes and their roles in ISKNV pathogenesis.
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spelling doaj-art-cbfe4f40953a4e7bb5aaed582cf98b002025-08-20T02:33:59ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152025-05-0117572810.3390/v17050728Transcriptomic Analysis of the Spleen from Asian Seabass (<i>Lates calcarifer</i>) Infected with Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis VirusHong-Yi Xin0Lim Xin Ying1Lee Ching Pei Carmen2Mookkan Prabakaran3Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, SingaporeTemasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, SingaporeTemasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, SingaporeTemasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, SingaporeInfectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) is an emerging viral pathogen with an expanding host range, posing a significant threat to economically important fish species. In this study, we isolated the ISKNV strain responsible for disease outbreaks in Asian seabass (<i>Lates calcarifer</i>) and analyzed the transcriptomic profile of spleen tissues from experimentally infected fish. The phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the virus belongs to clade I of ISKNV. Next-generation sequencing identified differentially expressed genes, providing a comprehensive overview of the transcriptional landscape in the spleen of ISKNV-infected fish. The pathway analysis revealed complex host–virus interactions, impacting immune regulation, endocytosis, cell communication, cell cycle arrest, and programmed cell death. To further investigate these interactions, we analyzed relevant pathways in the Reactome database for Asian seabass, humans, and zebrafish, constructed a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network using STRING database, and identified hub genes using six different algorithms. This analysis revealed 69 key genes, including 41 hub genes and 28 key genes that connect different pathways or clusters within the PPI network. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms driving ISKNV infection in Asian seabass. Future research should focus on elucidating the regulatory functions of these key genes and their roles in ISKNV pathogenesis.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/5/728infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virustranscriptome sequencingdifferentially expressed geneskey geneshub genesAsian seabass
spellingShingle Hong-Yi Xin
Lim Xin Ying
Lee Ching Pei Carmen
Mookkan Prabakaran
Transcriptomic Analysis of the Spleen from Asian Seabass (<i>Lates calcarifer</i>) Infected with Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus
Viruses
infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus
transcriptome sequencing
differentially expressed genes
key genes
hub genes
Asian seabass
title Transcriptomic Analysis of the Spleen from Asian Seabass (<i>Lates calcarifer</i>) Infected with Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus
title_full Transcriptomic Analysis of the Spleen from Asian Seabass (<i>Lates calcarifer</i>) Infected with Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus
title_fullStr Transcriptomic Analysis of the Spleen from Asian Seabass (<i>Lates calcarifer</i>) Infected with Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus
title_full_unstemmed Transcriptomic Analysis of the Spleen from Asian Seabass (<i>Lates calcarifer</i>) Infected with Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus
title_short Transcriptomic Analysis of the Spleen from Asian Seabass (<i>Lates calcarifer</i>) Infected with Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus
title_sort transcriptomic analysis of the spleen from asian seabass i lates calcarifer i infected with infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus
topic infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus
transcriptome sequencing
differentially expressed genes
key genes
hub genes
Asian seabass
url https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/5/728
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