Kinesiophobia and associated factors among patients with cardiac disease attending cardiac units at hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024: a multicentre cross-sectional study

Background Kinesiophobia is a catastrophic fear of physical activity due to a patient’s overwhelming concerns and sense of vulnerability about cardiac consequences due to activities. However, there was a lack of information regarding kinesiophobia among patients with cardiac disease, particularly in...

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Main Authors: Gashaw Jember Belay, Yohannes Girma Legese, Yihalem Belete, Tewodrose Miheret, Fiseha Sefiwu Zinabu, Foad Akmel
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2025-06-01
Series:BMJ Open
Online Access:https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/6/e101011.full
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author Gashaw Jember Belay
Yohannes Girma Legese
Yihalem Belete
Tewodrose Miheret
Fiseha Sefiwu Zinabu
Foad Akmel
author_facet Gashaw Jember Belay
Yohannes Girma Legese
Yihalem Belete
Tewodrose Miheret
Fiseha Sefiwu Zinabu
Foad Akmel
author_sort Gashaw Jember Belay
collection DOAJ
description Background Kinesiophobia is a catastrophic fear of physical activity due to a patient’s overwhelming concerns and sense of vulnerability about cardiac consequences due to activities. However, there was a lack of information regarding kinesiophobia among patients with cardiac disease, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, including Ethiopia.Aim This study aimed to assess the prevalence of kinesiophobia and its associated factors among patients with cardiac disease attending cardiac units at hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Design An institutional-based multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted.Setting and participants The study was conducted through a systematic random sampling technique in six comprehensive specialised hospitals to select 405 study participants.Primary tool and analysis Kinesiophobia was assessed by the Tampa Scale Kinesiophobia-heart questionnaire. The collected data were analysed on SPSS V.25. Bivariate analysis was used to determine potential candidate variables. Finally, an adjusted OR (AOR) with a p value of <0.05 and a 95% CI was considered statistically significant.Result The prevalence of kinesiophobia was 67.4% (95% CI: 62.6% to 72%). An older age group (AOR=3.84; 95% CI=1.663 to 8.864), cardiac function classification class II (AOR=2.639; 95% CI=1.090 to 6.388), class III (AOR=5.646; 95% CI=2.299 to 13.868), class IV (AOR=9.229; 95% CI=3.026 to 28.142), being physically inactive (AOR=2.642; 95% CI=1.490 to 4.685), being anxious (AOR=2.730; 95% CI=1.487 to 5.011) and moderate (AOR=2.172; 95% CI=1.063 to 4.437) and high perceived threat (AOR=6.146; 95% CI=2.955 to 12.786) were significantly associated with kinesiophobia.Conclusion The results of this research imply that kinesiophobia is a common health concern among patients with cardiac disease. Being above 50 years, advanced stage of cardiac disease, physical inactivity, anxiety and having higher threat illness perceptions were significantly associated with kinesiophobia among patients with cardiac disease.
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spelling doaj-art-cbf5b6e0e46c416a96d6e2aac42cb03e2025-08-20T02:07:08ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552025-06-0115610.1136/bmjopen-2025-101011Kinesiophobia and associated factors among patients with cardiac disease attending cardiac units at hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024: a multicentre cross-sectional studyGashaw Jember Belay0Yohannes Girma Legese1Yihalem Belete2Tewodrose Miheret3Fiseha Sefiwu Zinabu4Foad Akmel5Department of Physiotherapy, University of Gondar, Gondar, EthiopiaDepartment of Physiotherapy, Jimma University, Jimma, EthiopiaDepartment of Physiotherapy, University of Gondar, Gondar, EthiopiaDepartment of Physiotherapy, University of Gondar, Gondar, EthiopiaDepartment of Physiotherapy, University of Gondar, Gondar, EthiopiaDepartment of Physiotherapy, Jimma University, Jimma, EthiopiaBackground Kinesiophobia is a catastrophic fear of physical activity due to a patient’s overwhelming concerns and sense of vulnerability about cardiac consequences due to activities. However, there was a lack of information regarding kinesiophobia among patients with cardiac disease, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, including Ethiopia.Aim This study aimed to assess the prevalence of kinesiophobia and its associated factors among patients with cardiac disease attending cardiac units at hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Design An institutional-based multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted.Setting and participants The study was conducted through a systematic random sampling technique in six comprehensive specialised hospitals to select 405 study participants.Primary tool and analysis Kinesiophobia was assessed by the Tampa Scale Kinesiophobia-heart questionnaire. The collected data were analysed on SPSS V.25. Bivariate analysis was used to determine potential candidate variables. Finally, an adjusted OR (AOR) with a p value of <0.05 and a 95% CI was considered statistically significant.Result The prevalence of kinesiophobia was 67.4% (95% CI: 62.6% to 72%). An older age group (AOR=3.84; 95% CI=1.663 to 8.864), cardiac function classification class II (AOR=2.639; 95% CI=1.090 to 6.388), class III (AOR=5.646; 95% CI=2.299 to 13.868), class IV (AOR=9.229; 95% CI=3.026 to 28.142), being physically inactive (AOR=2.642; 95% CI=1.490 to 4.685), being anxious (AOR=2.730; 95% CI=1.487 to 5.011) and moderate (AOR=2.172; 95% CI=1.063 to 4.437) and high perceived threat (AOR=6.146; 95% CI=2.955 to 12.786) were significantly associated with kinesiophobia.Conclusion The results of this research imply that kinesiophobia is a common health concern among patients with cardiac disease. Being above 50 years, advanced stage of cardiac disease, physical inactivity, anxiety and having higher threat illness perceptions were significantly associated with kinesiophobia among patients with cardiac disease.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/6/e101011.full
spellingShingle Gashaw Jember Belay
Yohannes Girma Legese
Yihalem Belete
Tewodrose Miheret
Fiseha Sefiwu Zinabu
Foad Akmel
Kinesiophobia and associated factors among patients with cardiac disease attending cardiac units at hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024: a multicentre cross-sectional study
BMJ Open
title Kinesiophobia and associated factors among patients with cardiac disease attending cardiac units at hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024: a multicentre cross-sectional study
title_full Kinesiophobia and associated factors among patients with cardiac disease attending cardiac units at hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024: a multicentre cross-sectional study
title_fullStr Kinesiophobia and associated factors among patients with cardiac disease attending cardiac units at hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024: a multicentre cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed Kinesiophobia and associated factors among patients with cardiac disease attending cardiac units at hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024: a multicentre cross-sectional study
title_short Kinesiophobia and associated factors among patients with cardiac disease attending cardiac units at hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024: a multicentre cross-sectional study
title_sort kinesiophobia and associated factors among patients with cardiac disease attending cardiac units at hospitals in addis ababa ethiopia 2024 a multicentre cross sectional study
url https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/6/e101011.full
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