Development of Visual Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assays for Foodborne Hepatitis A Virus

(1) Background: There are many cases of human disease caused by the hepatitis A virus contamination of aquatic products, so the development of the rapid detection of hepatitis A virus in aquatic products is crucial. (2) Methods: In this study, we developed three visual loop-mediated isothermal ampli...

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Main Authors: Tongcan An, Mengyuan Song, Xiang Li, Yingjie Pan, Yong Zhao, Haiquan Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Foods
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/6/934
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author Tongcan An
Mengyuan Song
Xiang Li
Yingjie Pan
Yong Zhao
Haiquan Liu
author_facet Tongcan An
Mengyuan Song
Xiang Li
Yingjie Pan
Yong Zhao
Haiquan Liu
author_sort Tongcan An
collection DOAJ
description (1) Background: There are many cases of human disease caused by the hepatitis A virus contamination of aquatic products, so the development of the rapid detection of hepatitis A virus in aquatic products is crucial. (2) Methods: In this study, we developed three visual loop-mediated isothermal amplification methods for the rapid and intuitive detection of hepatitis A virus in aquatic products. New specific LAMP primers were designed for the HAV-specific VP1 protein shell. (1) HNB dye was added to the LAMP reaction system. After the reaction, the color of the reaction mixture changed from violet to sky blue, showing a positive result. (2) Cresol red dye was added to the LAMP reaction system, and a positive result was indicated by orange, while a negative result was indicated by purple. (3) By labeling FIP with biotin and LF with 6-FAM, the amplified product simultaneously contained biotin and 6-FAM, which bound to the anti-biotin antibody on the gold nanoparticles on the lateral flow dipstick (LFD). Subsequently, biotin was further combined with the anti-fam antibody on the T-line of the test strip to form a positive test result. (3) Results: The three visual LAMP methods were highly specific for HAV. The sensitivity of the visual assay was 2.59 × 10<sup>0</sup> copies/μL. The positive detection ratio for 155 bivalve shellfish samples was 8.39%, which was the same as that for RT-qPCR. The three visual LAMP methods established in our work have better sensitivity than the international gold standard, and their operation is simple and requires less time. (4) Conclusions: The results can be obtained by eye color comparison and lateral flow dipsticks. Without the use of large-scale instrumentation, the sensitivity is the same as that of RT-qPCR. The test strips are lightweight, small in size, and easy to carry; they are suitable for emergency detection, on-site monitoring, field sampling, or remote farms and other non-laboratory environments for rapid identification.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2304-8158
language English
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Foods
spelling doaj-art-cbf126bd33f6444b853a7457ac0ee7ca2025-08-20T03:43:16ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582025-03-0114693410.3390/foods14060934Development of Visual Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assays for Foodborne Hepatitis A VirusTongcan An0Mengyuan Song1Xiang Li2Yingjie Pan3Yong Zhao4Haiquan Liu5College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaTechnical Center for Animal, Plant and Food Inspection and Quarantine of Shanghai Customs, Shanghai 201315, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China(1) Background: There are many cases of human disease caused by the hepatitis A virus contamination of aquatic products, so the development of the rapid detection of hepatitis A virus in aquatic products is crucial. (2) Methods: In this study, we developed three visual loop-mediated isothermal amplification methods for the rapid and intuitive detection of hepatitis A virus in aquatic products. New specific LAMP primers were designed for the HAV-specific VP1 protein shell. (1) HNB dye was added to the LAMP reaction system. After the reaction, the color of the reaction mixture changed from violet to sky blue, showing a positive result. (2) Cresol red dye was added to the LAMP reaction system, and a positive result was indicated by orange, while a negative result was indicated by purple. (3) By labeling FIP with biotin and LF with 6-FAM, the amplified product simultaneously contained biotin and 6-FAM, which bound to the anti-biotin antibody on the gold nanoparticles on the lateral flow dipstick (LFD). Subsequently, biotin was further combined with the anti-fam antibody on the T-line of the test strip to form a positive test result. (3) Results: The three visual LAMP methods were highly specific for HAV. The sensitivity of the visual assay was 2.59 × 10<sup>0</sup> copies/μL. The positive detection ratio for 155 bivalve shellfish samples was 8.39%, which was the same as that for RT-qPCR. The three visual LAMP methods established in our work have better sensitivity than the international gold standard, and their operation is simple and requires less time. (4) Conclusions: The results can be obtained by eye color comparison and lateral flow dipsticks. Without the use of large-scale instrumentation, the sensitivity is the same as that of RT-qPCR. The test strips are lightweight, small in size, and easy to carry; they are suitable for emergency detection, on-site monitoring, field sampling, or remote farms and other non-laboratory environments for rapid identification.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/6/934hepatitis A virusvisualization detectionlateral flow dipstickcolorimetric method
spellingShingle Tongcan An
Mengyuan Song
Xiang Li
Yingjie Pan
Yong Zhao
Haiquan Liu
Development of Visual Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assays for Foodborne Hepatitis A Virus
Foods
hepatitis A virus
visualization detection
lateral flow dipstick
colorimetric method
title Development of Visual Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assays for Foodborne Hepatitis A Virus
title_full Development of Visual Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assays for Foodborne Hepatitis A Virus
title_fullStr Development of Visual Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assays for Foodborne Hepatitis A Virus
title_full_unstemmed Development of Visual Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assays for Foodborne Hepatitis A Virus
title_short Development of Visual Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assays for Foodborne Hepatitis A Virus
title_sort development of visual loop mediated isothermal amplification assays for foodborne hepatitis a virus
topic hepatitis A virus
visualization detection
lateral flow dipstick
colorimetric method
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/6/934
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AT xiangli developmentofvisualloopmediatedisothermalamplificationassaysforfoodbornehepatitisavirus
AT yingjiepan developmentofvisualloopmediatedisothermalamplificationassaysforfoodbornehepatitisavirus
AT yongzhao developmentofvisualloopmediatedisothermalamplificationassaysforfoodbornehepatitisavirus
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