Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Affect Soil Nitrogen Fertilizer Utilization, Denitrification Functional Genes, and N<sub>2</sub>O Emissions During Biochar Amendment
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can form symbionts with plant roots, acquire soil nitrogen, and affect nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) production. Biochar, as a soil additive for the management of agricultural soil, affects soil nitrogen (N) utilization and plant growth. However, how A...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-11-01
|
| Series: | Agronomy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/11/2627 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850149562228932608 |
|---|---|
| author | Yanfang Wang Jing Liu Xuxian Deng Yuyang Li Jiakai Gao Ling Liu |
| author_facet | Yanfang Wang Jing Liu Xuxian Deng Yuyang Li Jiakai Gao Ling Liu |
| author_sort | Yanfang Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can form symbionts with plant roots, acquire soil nitrogen, and affect nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) production. Biochar, as a soil additive for the management of agricultural soil, affects soil nitrogen (N) utilization and plant growth. However, how AMF regulates soil N unitization, the denitrification process, and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions in plant–soil systems remains largely unknown, particularly under the biochar amendment. In this study, a microcosm experiment was conducted to investigate the impacts of different mycorrhizal treatments (CK: neither AMF hyphae nor plant roots; AMF: only AMF hyphae; AMF + R: AMF hyphae and plant roots) on plant growth, soil N fertilizer utilization, N<sub>2</sub>O production and consumption, functional gene abundance, and N<sub>2</sub>O emission at two biochar addition levels (B0: no biochar; B1: biochar addition rate of 10 g·kg<sup>−1</sup> soil) in a maize planting soil system. The results revealed that AMF alone and AMF with plant root treatments enhanced the fresh weight of maize plants by 10.15% and 19.23% and decreased soil inorganic N contents by 33.28% and 75.56%, respectively. The combination of biochar, AMF, and plant roots showed the largest increase in maize plant biomass. The AMF and AMF with root treatments all significantly decreased the <i>nir</i>S + <i>nir</i>K/<i>nos</i>Z ratio and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions at two biochar levels. The presence of AMF and plant roots during biochar amendment showed the smallest <i>nir</i>S + <i>nir</i>K/<i>nos</i>Z ratio and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. The AMF combined with biochar and AMF and plant roots combined with biochar treatments increased <i>nir</i>S + <i>nir</i>K/<i>nos</i>Z by 24.32% and 26.90% and decreased N<sub>2</sub>O accumulation emission by 21.12% and 38.13%, respectively. The results imply that biochar, AMF, and plant roots reduced N<sub>2</sub>O emissions directly by reducing soil N and increasing soil N unitization efficiency and indirectly by shifting the N<sub>2</sub>O production and consumption gene abundance in agroecosystems. These findings suggest that the addition of biochar and AMF and/or the presence of plant roots can interact to alleviate soil N<sub>2</sub>O emissions by manipulating plant inorganic N acquisition and the soil denitrification process. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cbdbf9ad40704ac8ba2e5f49e995e2be |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj-art-cbdbf9ad40704ac8ba2e5f49e995e2be2025-08-20T02:26:51ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952024-11-011411262710.3390/agronomy14112627Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Affect Soil Nitrogen Fertilizer Utilization, Denitrification Functional Genes, and N<sub>2</sub>O Emissions During Biochar AmendmentYanfang Wang0Jing Liu1Xuxian Deng2Yuyang Li3Jiakai Gao4Ling Liu5College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, ChinaCollege of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, ChinaLuoyang Seed Industry Development Center, Luoyang 471023, ChinaCollege of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, ChinaCollege of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, ChinaCollege of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, ChinaArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can form symbionts with plant roots, acquire soil nitrogen, and affect nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) production. Biochar, as a soil additive for the management of agricultural soil, affects soil nitrogen (N) utilization and plant growth. However, how AMF regulates soil N unitization, the denitrification process, and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions in plant–soil systems remains largely unknown, particularly under the biochar amendment. In this study, a microcosm experiment was conducted to investigate the impacts of different mycorrhizal treatments (CK: neither AMF hyphae nor plant roots; AMF: only AMF hyphae; AMF + R: AMF hyphae and plant roots) on plant growth, soil N fertilizer utilization, N<sub>2</sub>O production and consumption, functional gene abundance, and N<sub>2</sub>O emission at two biochar addition levels (B0: no biochar; B1: biochar addition rate of 10 g·kg<sup>−1</sup> soil) in a maize planting soil system. The results revealed that AMF alone and AMF with plant root treatments enhanced the fresh weight of maize plants by 10.15% and 19.23% and decreased soil inorganic N contents by 33.28% and 75.56%, respectively. The combination of biochar, AMF, and plant roots showed the largest increase in maize plant biomass. The AMF and AMF with root treatments all significantly decreased the <i>nir</i>S + <i>nir</i>K/<i>nos</i>Z ratio and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions at two biochar levels. The presence of AMF and plant roots during biochar amendment showed the smallest <i>nir</i>S + <i>nir</i>K/<i>nos</i>Z ratio and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. The AMF combined with biochar and AMF and plant roots combined with biochar treatments increased <i>nir</i>S + <i>nir</i>K/<i>nos</i>Z by 24.32% and 26.90% and decreased N<sub>2</sub>O accumulation emission by 21.12% and 38.13%, respectively. The results imply that biochar, AMF, and plant roots reduced N<sub>2</sub>O emissions directly by reducing soil N and increasing soil N unitization efficiency and indirectly by shifting the N<sub>2</sub>O production and consumption gene abundance in agroecosystems. These findings suggest that the addition of biochar and AMF and/or the presence of plant roots can interact to alleviate soil N<sub>2</sub>O emissions by manipulating plant inorganic N acquisition and the soil denitrification process.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/11/2627arbuscular mycorrhizal fungidenitrificationplant biomassnitrogen uptakenitrogen retention |
| spellingShingle | Yanfang Wang Jing Liu Xuxian Deng Yuyang Li Jiakai Gao Ling Liu Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Affect Soil Nitrogen Fertilizer Utilization, Denitrification Functional Genes, and N<sub>2</sub>O Emissions During Biochar Amendment Agronomy arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi denitrification plant biomass nitrogen uptake nitrogen retention |
| title | Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Affect Soil Nitrogen Fertilizer Utilization, Denitrification Functional Genes, and N<sub>2</sub>O Emissions During Biochar Amendment |
| title_full | Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Affect Soil Nitrogen Fertilizer Utilization, Denitrification Functional Genes, and N<sub>2</sub>O Emissions During Biochar Amendment |
| title_fullStr | Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Affect Soil Nitrogen Fertilizer Utilization, Denitrification Functional Genes, and N<sub>2</sub>O Emissions During Biochar Amendment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Affect Soil Nitrogen Fertilizer Utilization, Denitrification Functional Genes, and N<sub>2</sub>O Emissions During Biochar Amendment |
| title_short | Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Affect Soil Nitrogen Fertilizer Utilization, Denitrification Functional Genes, and N<sub>2</sub>O Emissions During Biochar Amendment |
| title_sort | arbuscular mycorrhizae affect soil nitrogen fertilizer utilization denitrification functional genes and n sub 2 sub o emissions during biochar amendment |
| topic | arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi denitrification plant biomass nitrogen uptake nitrogen retention |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/11/2627 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yanfangwang arbuscularmycorrhizaeaffectsoilnitrogenfertilizerutilizationdenitrificationfunctionalgenesandnsub2suboemissionsduringbiocharamendment AT jingliu arbuscularmycorrhizaeaffectsoilnitrogenfertilizerutilizationdenitrificationfunctionalgenesandnsub2suboemissionsduringbiocharamendment AT xuxiandeng arbuscularmycorrhizaeaffectsoilnitrogenfertilizerutilizationdenitrificationfunctionalgenesandnsub2suboemissionsduringbiocharamendment AT yuyangli arbuscularmycorrhizaeaffectsoilnitrogenfertilizerutilizationdenitrificationfunctionalgenesandnsub2suboemissionsduringbiocharamendment AT jiakaigao arbuscularmycorrhizaeaffectsoilnitrogenfertilizerutilizationdenitrificationfunctionalgenesandnsub2suboemissionsduringbiocharamendment AT lingliu arbuscularmycorrhizaeaffectsoilnitrogenfertilizerutilizationdenitrificationfunctionalgenesandnsub2suboemissionsduringbiocharamendment |