Judgment Criteria for Reliability Comparison of Three-Terminal Graphs with High Edge Failure Probability

A three-terminal graph is defined as a simple graph comprising three specified target vertices. The reliability of three-terminal graphs represents the probability that these three target vertices remain connected, given that each edge fails independently with a constant probability <i>q</i...

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Main Authors: Sun Xie, Haixing Zhao, Jun Yin, Jinyu Zou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Axioms
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1680/14/6/457
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author Sun Xie
Haixing Zhao
Jun Yin
Jinyu Zou
author_facet Sun Xie
Haixing Zhao
Jun Yin
Jinyu Zou
author_sort Sun Xie
collection DOAJ
description A three-terminal graph is defined as a simple graph comprising three specified target vertices. The reliability of three-terminal graphs represents the probability that these three target vertices remain connected, given that each edge fails independently with a constant probability <i>q</i>. In this paper, we focus on exploring the characteristics of more reliable three-terminal graphs when the edge failure probability approaches 1. Three reliability comparison criteria are proposed to characterize the locally most reliable three-terminal graph progressively when the number of edges <i>m</i> is in the range of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>[</mo><mn>5</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>4</mn><mi>n</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>10</mn><mo>]</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>[</mo><mfenced separators="" open="(" close=")"><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="true"><mfrac linethickness="0pt"><mi>n</mi><mn>2</mn></mfrac></mstyle></mfenced><mo>−</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>,</mo><mfenced separators="" open="(" close=")"><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="true"><mfrac linethickness="0pt"><mi>n</mi><mn>2</mn></mfrac></mstyle></mfenced><mo>]</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. At the same time, the locally optimal structures in the range of the edge number <i>m</i> with <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>4</mn><mi>n</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>10</mn><mo>,</mo><mfenced separators="" open="(" close=")"><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="true"><mfrac linethickness="0pt"><mi>n</mi><mn>2</mn></mfrac></mstyle></mfenced><mo>−</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> are restricted to six specific classes of graphs. Furthermore, based on these criteria, a method is introduced to search local optimal structures and offer a theoretical foundation for constructing optimal networks and repairing faulty ones.
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spelling doaj-art-cbd2ee586bd04414813f94328f98659b2025-08-20T03:27:26ZengMDPI AGAxioms2075-16802025-06-0114645710.3390/axioms14060457Judgment Criteria for Reliability Comparison of Three-Terminal Graphs with High Edge Failure ProbabilitySun Xie0Haixing Zhao1Jun Yin2Jinyu Zou3School of Mathematics and Physics, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, ChinaThe Computer College, Qinghai MinZu University, Xining 810007, ChinaThe College of Computer, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810016, ChinaSchool of Mathematics and Physics, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, ChinaA three-terminal graph is defined as a simple graph comprising three specified target vertices. The reliability of three-terminal graphs represents the probability that these three target vertices remain connected, given that each edge fails independently with a constant probability <i>q</i>. In this paper, we focus on exploring the characteristics of more reliable three-terminal graphs when the edge failure probability approaches 1. Three reliability comparison criteria are proposed to characterize the locally most reliable three-terminal graph progressively when the number of edges <i>m</i> is in the range of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>[</mo><mn>5</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>4</mn><mi>n</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>10</mn><mo>]</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>[</mo><mfenced separators="" open="(" close=")"><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="true"><mfrac linethickness="0pt"><mi>n</mi><mn>2</mn></mfrac></mstyle></mfenced><mo>−</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>,</mo><mfenced separators="" open="(" close=")"><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="true"><mfrac linethickness="0pt"><mi>n</mi><mn>2</mn></mfrac></mstyle></mfenced><mo>]</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. At the same time, the locally optimal structures in the range of the edge number <i>m</i> with <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>4</mn><mi>n</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>10</mn><mo>,</mo><mfenced separators="" open="(" close=")"><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="true"><mfrac linethickness="0pt"><mi>n</mi><mn>2</mn></mfrac></mstyle></mfenced><mo>−</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> are restricted to six specific classes of graphs. Furthermore, based on these criteria, a method is introduced to search local optimal structures and offer a theoretical foundation for constructing optimal networks and repairing faulty ones.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1680/14/6/457three-terminal graphlocally more reliablejudgment criterialocally most reliable graph
spellingShingle Sun Xie
Haixing Zhao
Jun Yin
Jinyu Zou
Judgment Criteria for Reliability Comparison of Three-Terminal Graphs with High Edge Failure Probability
Axioms
three-terminal graph
locally more reliable
judgment criteria
locally most reliable graph
title Judgment Criteria for Reliability Comparison of Three-Terminal Graphs with High Edge Failure Probability
title_full Judgment Criteria for Reliability Comparison of Three-Terminal Graphs with High Edge Failure Probability
title_fullStr Judgment Criteria for Reliability Comparison of Three-Terminal Graphs with High Edge Failure Probability
title_full_unstemmed Judgment Criteria for Reliability Comparison of Three-Terminal Graphs with High Edge Failure Probability
title_short Judgment Criteria for Reliability Comparison of Three-Terminal Graphs with High Edge Failure Probability
title_sort judgment criteria for reliability comparison of three terminal graphs with high edge failure probability
topic three-terminal graph
locally more reliable
judgment criteria
locally most reliable graph
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1680/14/6/457
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AT haixingzhao judgmentcriteriaforreliabilitycomparisonofthreeterminalgraphswithhighedgefailureprobability
AT junyin judgmentcriteriaforreliabilitycomparisonofthreeterminalgraphswithhighedgefailureprobability
AT jinyuzou judgmentcriteriaforreliabilitycomparisonofthreeterminalgraphswithhighedgefailureprobability