Why axis inversion? Optimizing interactions between users, interfaces, and visual displays in 3D environments

Abstract From video games to laparoscopic surgeries, differences in users’ abilities to adapt to new control schemes can have significant, even deadly impacts on performance. Starting with the question of why some video game players invert the y-axis on their console controllers, this work aims to p...

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Main Authors: Jennifer E. Corbett, Jaap Munneke
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-06-01
Series:Cognitive Research
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-025-00626-5
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author Jennifer E. Corbett
Jaap Munneke
author_facet Jennifer E. Corbett
Jaap Munneke
author_sort Jennifer E. Corbett
collection DOAJ
description Abstract From video games to laparoscopic surgeries, differences in users’ abilities to adapt to new control schemes can have significant, even deadly impacts on performance. Starting with the question of why some video game players invert the y-axis on their console controllers, this work aims to provide a foundation for future investigations of how control schemes can significantly impact performance. We argue that fragmented research across disciplines hinders a unified understanding of how the spatial relationships between users, interfaces, and visual displays affect performance. Therefore, we begin with a multidisciplinary literature synthesis, clarifying existing findings, and identifying methodological inconsistencies that contribute to conflicting results. We then explore the relationship between key behavioral and cognitive factors and y-axis inversion preference in a group of experienced 3rd person gamers. Based on these preliminary results, we propose a “general purpose” framework to systematically investigate how control inversion and visual input influence perception and performance across various movement goals. We demonstrate how this framework can be used to evaluate performance in the context of a common and challenging laparoscopic procedure, and how it can be generalized to assess and predict sensorimotor compatibility effects across a wide variety of real-world situations.
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spelling doaj-art-cbd254be33a04caa922d3b29b41d721e2025-08-20T02:37:59ZengSpringerOpenCognitive Research2365-74642025-06-0110112110.1186/s41235-025-00626-5Why axis inversion? Optimizing interactions between users, interfaces, and visual displays in 3D environmentsJennifer E. Corbett0Jaap Munneke1Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Northeastern UniversityAbstract From video games to laparoscopic surgeries, differences in users’ abilities to adapt to new control schemes can have significant, even deadly impacts on performance. Starting with the question of why some video game players invert the y-axis on their console controllers, this work aims to provide a foundation for future investigations of how control schemes can significantly impact performance. We argue that fragmented research across disciplines hinders a unified understanding of how the spatial relationships between users, interfaces, and visual displays affect performance. Therefore, we begin with a multidisciplinary literature synthesis, clarifying existing findings, and identifying methodological inconsistencies that contribute to conflicting results. We then explore the relationship between key behavioral and cognitive factors and y-axis inversion preference in a group of experienced 3rd person gamers. Based on these preliminary results, we propose a “general purpose” framework to systematically investigate how control inversion and visual input influence perception and performance across various movement goals. We demonstrate how this framework can be used to evaluate performance in the context of a common and challenging laparoscopic procedure, and how it can be generalized to assess and predict sensorimotor compatibility effects across a wide variety of real-world situations.https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-025-00626-5Y-axis inversion3D gamingStimulus–response-effect compatibilityHuman computer interactionSpatial orientationVirtual environments
spellingShingle Jennifer E. Corbett
Jaap Munneke
Why axis inversion? Optimizing interactions between users, interfaces, and visual displays in 3D environments
Cognitive Research
Y-axis inversion
3D gaming
Stimulus–response-effect compatibility
Human computer interaction
Spatial orientation
Virtual environments
title Why axis inversion? Optimizing interactions between users, interfaces, and visual displays in 3D environments
title_full Why axis inversion? Optimizing interactions between users, interfaces, and visual displays in 3D environments
title_fullStr Why axis inversion? Optimizing interactions between users, interfaces, and visual displays in 3D environments
title_full_unstemmed Why axis inversion? Optimizing interactions between users, interfaces, and visual displays in 3D environments
title_short Why axis inversion? Optimizing interactions between users, interfaces, and visual displays in 3D environments
title_sort why axis inversion optimizing interactions between users interfaces and visual displays in 3d environments
topic Y-axis inversion
3D gaming
Stimulus–response-effect compatibility
Human computer interaction
Spatial orientation
Virtual environments
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-025-00626-5
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