User acceptance of battery swapping in battery electric vehicles among private users in Germany

Abstract The market ramp-up of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) continues to falter in Germany. One reason is missing user acceptance for BEVs, mainly due to insufficient range, inadequate charging infrastructure, and excessive costs. Many of these obstacles could be addressed through battery swappi...

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Main Authors: Jan Kegel, Jan Wiesenthal, Malte Welling, Aniket Kapse, Bernd Hirschl, Dirk Uwe Sauer
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-06-01
Series:npj Sustainable Mobility and Transport
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s44333-025-00042-8
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author Jan Kegel
Jan Wiesenthal
Malte Welling
Aniket Kapse
Bernd Hirschl
Dirk Uwe Sauer
author_facet Jan Kegel
Jan Wiesenthal
Malte Welling
Aniket Kapse
Bernd Hirschl
Dirk Uwe Sauer
author_sort Jan Kegel
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The market ramp-up of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) continues to falter in Germany. One reason is missing user acceptance for BEVs, mainly due to insufficient range, inadequate charging infrastructure, and excessive costs. Many of these obstacles could be addressed through battery swapping stations. This study validates existing barriers to e-mobility, investigates whether battery swapping could alleviate existing barriers, and identifies potential concerns associated with battery swapping. This study is based on an online questionnaire completed by 1902 individuals representative of the German population. Results indicate that individuals interested in BEVs particularly recognize battery swapping as a problem solver. BEV owners also recognize the potential of swapping but have fewer concerns regarding e-mobility in the first place. A discrete choice experiment embedded in the survey revealed a willingness to pay an additional €56 per month for a BEV with swapping technology compared to a BEV with an integrated battery.
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institution Kabale University
issn 3004-8664
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
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series npj Sustainable Mobility and Transport
spelling doaj-art-cbd07f3f2a724a7f9f4ae77fa3a154082025-08-20T03:27:09ZengNature Portfolionpj Sustainable Mobility and Transport3004-86642025-06-012111210.1038/s44333-025-00042-8User acceptance of battery swapping in battery electric vehicles among private users in GermanyJan Kegel0Jan Wiesenthal1Malte Welling2Aniket Kapse3Bernd Hirschl4Dirk Uwe Sauer5Institute for Ecological Economy Research (IÖW)Institute for Ecological Economy Research (IÖW)Institute for Ecological Economy Research (IÖW)Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA), RWTH Aachen UniversityInstitute for Ecological Economy Research (IÖW)Institute for Power Electronics and Electrical Drives (ISEA), RWTH Aachen UniversityAbstract The market ramp-up of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) continues to falter in Germany. One reason is missing user acceptance for BEVs, mainly due to insufficient range, inadequate charging infrastructure, and excessive costs. Many of these obstacles could be addressed through battery swapping stations. This study validates existing barriers to e-mobility, investigates whether battery swapping could alleviate existing barriers, and identifies potential concerns associated with battery swapping. This study is based on an online questionnaire completed by 1902 individuals representative of the German population. Results indicate that individuals interested in BEVs particularly recognize battery swapping as a problem solver. BEV owners also recognize the potential of swapping but have fewer concerns regarding e-mobility in the first place. A discrete choice experiment embedded in the survey revealed a willingness to pay an additional €56 per month for a BEV with swapping technology compared to a BEV with an integrated battery.https://doi.org/10.1038/s44333-025-00042-8
spellingShingle Jan Kegel
Jan Wiesenthal
Malte Welling
Aniket Kapse
Bernd Hirschl
Dirk Uwe Sauer
User acceptance of battery swapping in battery electric vehicles among private users in Germany
npj Sustainable Mobility and Transport
title User acceptance of battery swapping in battery electric vehicles among private users in Germany
title_full User acceptance of battery swapping in battery electric vehicles among private users in Germany
title_fullStr User acceptance of battery swapping in battery electric vehicles among private users in Germany
title_full_unstemmed User acceptance of battery swapping in battery electric vehicles among private users in Germany
title_short User acceptance of battery swapping in battery electric vehicles among private users in Germany
title_sort user acceptance of battery swapping in battery electric vehicles among private users in germany
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s44333-025-00042-8
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