Fueling neurodegeneration: metabolic insights into microglia functions

Abstract Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, emerge in the brain during early embryonic development and persist throughout life. They play essential roles in brain homeostasis, and their dysfunction contributes to neuroinflammation and the progression of neurodegenera...

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Main Authors: Mohammadamin Sadeghdoust, Aysika Das, Deepak Kumar Kaushik
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-11-01
Series:Journal of Neuroinflammation
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-024-03296-0
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author Mohammadamin Sadeghdoust
Aysika Das
Deepak Kumar Kaushik
author_facet Mohammadamin Sadeghdoust
Aysika Das
Deepak Kumar Kaushik
author_sort Mohammadamin Sadeghdoust
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, emerge in the brain during early embryonic development and persist throughout life. They play essential roles in brain homeostasis, and their dysfunction contributes to neuroinflammation and the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies have uncovered an intricate relationship between microglia functions and metabolic processes, offering fresh perspectives on disease mechanisms and possible treatments. Despite these advancements, there are still significant gaps in our understanding of how metabolic dysregulation affects microglial phenotypes in these disorders. This review aims to address these gaps, laying the groundwork for future research on the topic. We specifically examine how metabolic shifts in microglia, such as the transition from oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial metabolism to heightened glycolysis during proinflammatory states, impact the disease progression in Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington’s disease. Additionally, we explore the role of iron, fatty and amino acid metabolism in microglial homeostasis and repair. Identifying both distinct and shared metabolic adaptations in microglia across neurodegenerative diseases could reveal common therapeutic targets and provide a deeper understanding of disease-specific mechanisms underlying multiple CNS disorders.
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spelling doaj-art-cbcd60107f724d36aae20c2c58b57b432025-08-20T02:22:30ZengBMCJournal of Neuroinflammation1742-20942024-11-0121111810.1186/s12974-024-03296-0Fueling neurodegeneration: metabolic insights into microglia functionsMohammadamin Sadeghdoust0Aysika Das1Deepak Kumar Kaushik2Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Memorial University of NewfoundlandDivision of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Memorial University of NewfoundlandDivision of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Memorial University of NewfoundlandAbstract Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, emerge in the brain during early embryonic development and persist throughout life. They play essential roles in brain homeostasis, and their dysfunction contributes to neuroinflammation and the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies have uncovered an intricate relationship between microglia functions and metabolic processes, offering fresh perspectives on disease mechanisms and possible treatments. Despite these advancements, there are still significant gaps in our understanding of how metabolic dysregulation affects microglial phenotypes in these disorders. This review aims to address these gaps, laying the groundwork for future research on the topic. We specifically examine how metabolic shifts in microglia, such as the transition from oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial metabolism to heightened glycolysis during proinflammatory states, impact the disease progression in Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington’s disease. Additionally, we explore the role of iron, fatty and amino acid metabolism in microglial homeostasis and repair. Identifying both distinct and shared metabolic adaptations in microglia across neurodegenerative diseases could reveal common therapeutic targets and provide a deeper understanding of disease-specific mechanisms underlying multiple CNS disorders.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-024-03296-0MicrogliaNeuroinflammationImmunometabolismNeurodegenerative diseasesTherapeutic strategies
spellingShingle Mohammadamin Sadeghdoust
Aysika Das
Deepak Kumar Kaushik
Fueling neurodegeneration: metabolic insights into microglia functions
Journal of Neuroinflammation
Microglia
Neuroinflammation
Immunometabolism
Neurodegenerative diseases
Therapeutic strategies
title Fueling neurodegeneration: metabolic insights into microglia functions
title_full Fueling neurodegeneration: metabolic insights into microglia functions
title_fullStr Fueling neurodegeneration: metabolic insights into microglia functions
title_full_unstemmed Fueling neurodegeneration: metabolic insights into microglia functions
title_short Fueling neurodegeneration: metabolic insights into microglia functions
title_sort fueling neurodegeneration metabolic insights into microglia functions
topic Microglia
Neuroinflammation
Immunometabolism
Neurodegenerative diseases
Therapeutic strategies
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-024-03296-0
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AT aysikadas fuelingneurodegenerationmetabolicinsightsintomicrogliafunctions
AT deepakkumarkaushik fuelingneurodegenerationmetabolicinsightsintomicrogliafunctions