Nucleo-cytoskeletal coupling controls intracellular deformation partitioning during cell stretching

Cells sense and transduce mechanical forces to regulate diverse biological processes, yet the mechanical stimuli that initiate these processes remain poorly understood. In particular, how nuclear and cytoplasmic deformations respond to external forces is unclear. Here, we developed a microscopy-base...

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Main Authors: Jerry Chen, Iris Sloan, Alexandra Bermudez, David Choi, Ming-Heng Tsai, Lihua Jin, Jimmy K Hu, Neil Lin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: The Royal Society 2025-07-01
Series:Royal Society Open Science
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Online Access:https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.250409
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author Jerry Chen
Iris Sloan
Alexandra Bermudez
David Choi
Ming-Heng Tsai
Lihua Jin
Jimmy K Hu
Neil Lin
author_facet Jerry Chen
Iris Sloan
Alexandra Bermudez
David Choi
Ming-Heng Tsai
Lihua Jin
Jimmy K Hu
Neil Lin
author_sort Jerry Chen
collection DOAJ
description Cells sense and transduce mechanical forces to regulate diverse biological processes, yet the mechanical stimuli that initiate these processes remain poorly understood. In particular, how nuclear and cytoplasmic deformations respond to external forces is unclear. Here, we developed a microscopy-based technique to quantify the extensional uniaxial strains of the nucleus and cytoplasm during cell stretching, enabling direct measurement of their bulk mechanical responses. Using this approach, we identified a previously unrecognized inverse relationship between nuclear and cytoplasmic deformation in epithelial monolayers. We demonstrate that nucleo-cytoskeletal coupling, mediated by the Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, regulates this anti-correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient approx. 0.3). Disrupting LINC abolished this relationship, revealing its fundamental role in intracellular deformation partitioning. Furthermore, we found that cytoplasmic deformation is directly correlated with stretch-induced nuclear shrinkage, suggesting a mechanotransduction pathway in which cytoplasmic mechanics influence nuclear responses. Lastly, multivariable analyses established that intracellular deformation can be inferred from cell morphology, providing a predictive framework for cellular mechanical behaviour. These findings refine our understanding of nucleo-cytoskeletal coupling in governing intracellular force transmission and mechanotransduction.
format Article
id doaj-art-cbcbd2ddee744fb49bbfec13bb890cdd
institution Kabale University
issn 2054-5703
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher The Royal Society
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series Royal Society Open Science
spelling doaj-art-cbcbd2ddee744fb49bbfec13bb890cdd2025-08-20T03:56:05ZengThe Royal SocietyRoyal Society Open Science2054-57032025-07-0112710.1098/rsos.250409Nucleo-cytoskeletal coupling controls intracellular deformation partitioning during cell stretchingJerry Chen0Iris Sloan1Alexandra Bermudez2David Choi3Ming-Heng Tsai4Lihua Jin5Jimmy K Hu6Neil Lin7University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USAUniversity of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USAUniversity of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USAUniversity of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USAUniversity of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USAUniversity of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USAUniversity of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USAUniversity of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USACells sense and transduce mechanical forces to regulate diverse biological processes, yet the mechanical stimuli that initiate these processes remain poorly understood. In particular, how nuclear and cytoplasmic deformations respond to external forces is unclear. Here, we developed a microscopy-based technique to quantify the extensional uniaxial strains of the nucleus and cytoplasm during cell stretching, enabling direct measurement of their bulk mechanical responses. Using this approach, we identified a previously unrecognized inverse relationship between nuclear and cytoplasmic deformation in epithelial monolayers. We demonstrate that nucleo-cytoskeletal coupling, mediated by the Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, regulates this anti-correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient approx. 0.3). Disrupting LINC abolished this relationship, revealing its fundamental role in intracellular deformation partitioning. Furthermore, we found that cytoplasmic deformation is directly correlated with stretch-induced nuclear shrinkage, suggesting a mechanotransduction pathway in which cytoplasmic mechanics influence nuclear responses. Lastly, multivariable analyses established that intracellular deformation can be inferred from cell morphology, providing a predictive framework for cellular mechanical behaviour. These findings refine our understanding of nucleo-cytoskeletal coupling in governing intracellular force transmission and mechanotransduction.https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.250409nucleo-cytoskeletal couplingcell stretchingimage-based measurementstrain measurementcell mechanicssystems biology
spellingShingle Jerry Chen
Iris Sloan
Alexandra Bermudez
David Choi
Ming-Heng Tsai
Lihua Jin
Jimmy K Hu
Neil Lin
Nucleo-cytoskeletal coupling controls intracellular deformation partitioning during cell stretching
Royal Society Open Science
nucleo-cytoskeletal coupling
cell stretching
image-based measurement
strain measurement
cell mechanics
systems biology
title Nucleo-cytoskeletal coupling controls intracellular deformation partitioning during cell stretching
title_full Nucleo-cytoskeletal coupling controls intracellular deformation partitioning during cell stretching
title_fullStr Nucleo-cytoskeletal coupling controls intracellular deformation partitioning during cell stretching
title_full_unstemmed Nucleo-cytoskeletal coupling controls intracellular deformation partitioning during cell stretching
title_short Nucleo-cytoskeletal coupling controls intracellular deformation partitioning during cell stretching
title_sort nucleo cytoskeletal coupling controls intracellular deformation partitioning during cell stretching
topic nucleo-cytoskeletal coupling
cell stretching
image-based measurement
strain measurement
cell mechanics
systems biology
url https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.250409
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AT irissloan nucleocytoskeletalcouplingcontrolsintracellulardeformationpartitioningduringcellstretching
AT alexandrabermudez nucleocytoskeletalcouplingcontrolsintracellulardeformationpartitioningduringcellstretching
AT davidchoi nucleocytoskeletalcouplingcontrolsintracellulardeformationpartitioningduringcellstretching
AT minghengtsai nucleocytoskeletalcouplingcontrolsintracellulardeformationpartitioningduringcellstretching
AT lihuajin nucleocytoskeletalcouplingcontrolsintracellulardeformationpartitioningduringcellstretching
AT jimmykhu nucleocytoskeletalcouplingcontrolsintracellulardeformationpartitioningduringcellstretching
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