Alzheimer's and dementia: Diagnosis, assessment, and disease monitoring global, regional, and national burden of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (ADODs) and their risk factors, 1990–2021: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study 2021

Abstract INTRODUCTION Aging populations globally lead to growing challenges in Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (ADODs). Tracking ADODs aids health strategies. To describe global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, death, and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) of ADODs in...

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Main Authors: Fang Wang, Dongxin Li, Xuetian Gao, Xingye Zhang, Xuanying Shi, Youquan Guo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-04-01
Series:Alzheimer’s & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/dad2.70126
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author Fang Wang
Dongxin Li
Xuetian Gao
Xingye Zhang
Xuanying Shi
Youquan Guo
author_facet Fang Wang
Dongxin Li
Xuetian Gao
Xingye Zhang
Xuanying Shi
Youquan Guo
author_sort Fang Wang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract INTRODUCTION Aging populations globally lead to growing challenges in Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (ADODs). Tracking ADODs aids health strategies. To describe global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, death, and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) of ADODs in 2021, and analyze changes from 1990 to 2021. METHODS We analyzed ADODs using the 2021 Global Burden of Disease database, calculating estimated annual percentage change (EAPC), applying Joinpoint regression, and assessing risk factors. RESULTS Between 1990 and 2021, ADOD incidence, prevalence, deaths, and DALYs increased significantly. DALYs grew 295.45% and fatalities grew 167.72%. Age‐standardized rates (ASRs) rose for both genders, with women generally higher but men showing steeper increases. ASRs correlated positively with Sociodemographic Index. Risk factor contribution to DALYs and death rose by 4.1%. In 2021, metabolic factors and high fasting plasma glucose most influenced ADODs. DISCUSSION The global ADOD burden has risen since 1990. Early screening, especially for elderly women, is crucial. Policymakers must act to reverse this trend. Highlights Based on Global Burden of Disease data 1990–2021, the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability‐adjusted life years due to Alzheimer's and dementia are depicted globally, regionally, and nationally. The effects of gender and age were explored. The contribution of different risk factors to the disease was studied.
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spelling doaj-art-cbc9920025df4e088e437a41b644412f2025-08-20T03:23:57ZengWileyAlzheimer’s & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring2352-87292025-04-01172n/an/a10.1002/dad2.70126Alzheimer's and dementia: Diagnosis, assessment, and disease monitoring global, regional, and national burden of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (ADODs) and their risk factors, 1990–2021: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study 2021Fang Wang0Dongxin Li1Xuetian Gao2Xingye Zhang3Xuanying Shi4Youquan Guo5Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics School of Public Health Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics School of Public Health Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics School of Public Health Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics School of Public Health Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics School of Public Health Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics School of Public Health Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan ChinaAbstract INTRODUCTION Aging populations globally lead to growing challenges in Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (ADODs). Tracking ADODs aids health strategies. To describe global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, death, and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) of ADODs in 2021, and analyze changes from 1990 to 2021. METHODS We analyzed ADODs using the 2021 Global Burden of Disease database, calculating estimated annual percentage change (EAPC), applying Joinpoint regression, and assessing risk factors. RESULTS Between 1990 and 2021, ADOD incidence, prevalence, deaths, and DALYs increased significantly. DALYs grew 295.45% and fatalities grew 167.72%. Age‐standardized rates (ASRs) rose for both genders, with women generally higher but men showing steeper increases. ASRs correlated positively with Sociodemographic Index. Risk factor contribution to DALYs and death rose by 4.1%. In 2021, metabolic factors and high fasting plasma glucose most influenced ADODs. DISCUSSION The global ADOD burden has risen since 1990. Early screening, especially for elderly women, is crucial. Policymakers must act to reverse this trend. Highlights Based on Global Burden of Disease data 1990–2021, the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability‐adjusted life years due to Alzheimer's and dementia are depicted globally, regionally, and nationally. The effects of gender and age were explored. The contribution of different risk factors to the disease was studied.https://doi.org/10.1002/dad2.70126ADODsAlzheimer's diseaseGlobal Burden of Diseasedementiaincidenceprevalence
spellingShingle Fang Wang
Dongxin Li
Xuetian Gao
Xingye Zhang
Xuanying Shi
Youquan Guo
Alzheimer's and dementia: Diagnosis, assessment, and disease monitoring global, regional, and national burden of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (ADODs) and their risk factors, 1990–2021: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study 2021
Alzheimer’s & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring
ADODs
Alzheimer's disease
Global Burden of Disease
dementia
incidence
prevalence
title Alzheimer's and dementia: Diagnosis, assessment, and disease monitoring global, regional, and national burden of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (ADODs) and their risk factors, 1990–2021: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study 2021
title_full Alzheimer's and dementia: Diagnosis, assessment, and disease monitoring global, regional, and national burden of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (ADODs) and their risk factors, 1990–2021: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study 2021
title_fullStr Alzheimer's and dementia: Diagnosis, assessment, and disease monitoring global, regional, and national burden of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (ADODs) and their risk factors, 1990–2021: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study 2021
title_full_unstemmed Alzheimer's and dementia: Diagnosis, assessment, and disease monitoring global, regional, and national burden of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (ADODs) and their risk factors, 1990–2021: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study 2021
title_short Alzheimer's and dementia: Diagnosis, assessment, and disease monitoring global, regional, and national burden of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (ADODs) and their risk factors, 1990–2021: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study 2021
title_sort alzheimer s and dementia diagnosis assessment and disease monitoring global regional and national burden of alzheimer s disease and other dementias adods and their risk factors 1990 2021 a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021
topic ADODs
Alzheimer's disease
Global Burden of Disease
dementia
incidence
prevalence
url https://doi.org/10.1002/dad2.70126
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