Sex-mismatching in isolated heart transplantation confers no postoperative risk

Background: For heart transplantation, optimal donor-recipient matching is an important factor in the ongoing development of the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) continuous distribution framework. Donor-recipient sex-mismatch has decreased since the 1990s, but this may be related to the risk...

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Main Authors: Reid Dale, PhD, Matt Leipzig, BSc, Nataliya Bahatyrevich, MD, Katharine Pines, MPH, Qiudong Chen, MD, Jeffrey Teuteberg, MD, Y. Joseph Woo, MD, Maria Currie, MD, PhD
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-11-01
Series:JHLT Open
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950133424001071
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author Reid Dale, PhD
Matt Leipzig, BSc
Nataliya Bahatyrevich, MD
Katharine Pines, MPH
Qiudong Chen, MD
Jeffrey Teuteberg, MD
Y. Joseph Woo, MD
Maria Currie, MD, PhD
author_facet Reid Dale, PhD
Matt Leipzig, BSc
Nataliya Bahatyrevich, MD
Katharine Pines, MPH
Qiudong Chen, MD
Jeffrey Teuteberg, MD
Y. Joseph Woo, MD
Maria Currie, MD, PhD
author_sort Reid Dale, PhD
collection DOAJ
description Background: For heart transplantation, optimal donor-recipient matching is an important factor in the ongoing development of the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) continuous distribution framework. Donor-recipient sex-mismatch has decreased since the 1990s, but this may be related to the risk posed by size mismatching, particularly when donor hearts are undersized. Thus, the impact of sex-mismatching, controlling for other factors including size mismatch, is uncertain. Methods: Adult first-time, isolated heart transplant patients from the UNOS database between October 1, 1987 and December 31, 2022 were analyzed. Cohorts were separated into male and female recipients. Propensity score matching on known preoperative risk factors was performed. Equivalence testing via Two One-Sided Testing (TOST) was performed to assess between-arm equivalence in postoperative outcomes. Survival differences were measured by the between-arm ratio of restricted mean survival time and binary outcome differences by the odds ratio. Results: In the propensity-matched cohort, we found significant equivalence between arms in both male (TOST p < 0.001) and female (TOST p < 0.001) recipients for overall survival at all temporal end-points, postoperative treatment for rejection within 1 year, and predischarge dialysis. Conclusions: Sex-mismatch in isolated heart transplantation confers no additional risk to postoperative outcomes when controlling for other factors, including size mismatch. Consequently, sex-mismatch should not factor into individual assessments of organ acceptance or be incorporated into any national organ allocation policy. Increasing the acceptance of sex-mismatched donors has the potential to expand the donor pool and increase female donor utilization.
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spelling doaj-art-cbc97993e3aa4fc79b0e678dbd2f7fbe2025-08-20T02:12:42ZengElsevierJHLT Open2950-13342024-11-01610015810.1016/j.jhlto.2024.100158Sex-mismatching in isolated heart transplantation confers no postoperative riskReid Dale, PhD0Matt Leipzig, BSc1Nataliya Bahatyrevich, MD2Katharine Pines, MPH3Qiudong Chen, MD4Jeffrey Teuteberg, MD5Y. Joseph Woo, MD6Maria Currie, MD, PhD7Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CaliforniaDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CaliforniaDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CaliforniaDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CaliforniaDepartment of Cardiac Surgery, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CaliforniaDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CaliforniaDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CaliforniaDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Corresponding author: Maria Currie, MD, PhD, Center for Academic Medicine, 453 Quarry Road, Room 267, MC 5661, Stanford, CA 94304.Background: For heart transplantation, optimal donor-recipient matching is an important factor in the ongoing development of the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) continuous distribution framework. Donor-recipient sex-mismatch has decreased since the 1990s, but this may be related to the risk posed by size mismatching, particularly when donor hearts are undersized. Thus, the impact of sex-mismatching, controlling for other factors including size mismatch, is uncertain. Methods: Adult first-time, isolated heart transplant patients from the UNOS database between October 1, 1987 and December 31, 2022 were analyzed. Cohorts were separated into male and female recipients. Propensity score matching on known preoperative risk factors was performed. Equivalence testing via Two One-Sided Testing (TOST) was performed to assess between-arm equivalence in postoperative outcomes. Survival differences were measured by the between-arm ratio of restricted mean survival time and binary outcome differences by the odds ratio. Results: In the propensity-matched cohort, we found significant equivalence between arms in both male (TOST p < 0.001) and female (TOST p < 0.001) recipients for overall survival at all temporal end-points, postoperative treatment for rejection within 1 year, and predischarge dialysis. Conclusions: Sex-mismatch in isolated heart transplantation confers no additional risk to postoperative outcomes when controlling for other factors, including size mismatch. Consequently, sex-mismatch should not factor into individual assessments of organ acceptance or be incorporated into any national organ allocation policy. Increasing the acceptance of sex-mismatched donors has the potential to expand the donor pool and increase female donor utilization.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950133424001071cardiac transplantationsex-mismatchdonor-recipient matchingtransplant allocationdonor utilization
spellingShingle Reid Dale, PhD
Matt Leipzig, BSc
Nataliya Bahatyrevich, MD
Katharine Pines, MPH
Qiudong Chen, MD
Jeffrey Teuteberg, MD
Y. Joseph Woo, MD
Maria Currie, MD, PhD
Sex-mismatching in isolated heart transplantation confers no postoperative risk
JHLT Open
cardiac transplantation
sex-mismatch
donor-recipient matching
transplant allocation
donor utilization
title Sex-mismatching in isolated heart transplantation confers no postoperative risk
title_full Sex-mismatching in isolated heart transplantation confers no postoperative risk
title_fullStr Sex-mismatching in isolated heart transplantation confers no postoperative risk
title_full_unstemmed Sex-mismatching in isolated heart transplantation confers no postoperative risk
title_short Sex-mismatching in isolated heart transplantation confers no postoperative risk
title_sort sex mismatching in isolated heart transplantation confers no postoperative risk
topic cardiac transplantation
sex-mismatch
donor-recipient matching
transplant allocation
donor utilization
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950133424001071
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