From tiny to immense: Geological spotlight on the Alexander Mosaic (National Archaeological Museum of Naples, Italy) using non-invasive in situ analyses.

A key challenge in the art and archaeological field is the instrumental analysis of objects and materials while preserving their integrity. In this study, the world-renowned artwork Alexander Mosaic (The Issus Battle, collection of the National Archaeological Museum of Naples, IT), the most iconic r...

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Main Authors: Giuseppina Balassone, Piergiulio Cappelletti, Alberto De Bonis, Antonio De Simone, Diego Di Martire, Sossio Fabio Graziano, Celestino Grifa, Paolo Giulierini, Francesco Izzo, Alessio Langella, Mariano Mercurio, Vincenzo Morra, Mariateresa Operetto, Amanda Piezzo, Concetta Rispoli, Maria Verde
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2025-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0315188
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author Giuseppina Balassone
Piergiulio Cappelletti
Alberto De Bonis
Antonio De Simone
Diego Di Martire
Sossio Fabio Graziano
Celestino Grifa
Paolo Giulierini
Francesco Izzo
Alessio Langella
Mariano Mercurio
Vincenzo Morra
Mariateresa Operetto
Amanda Piezzo
Concetta Rispoli
Maria Verde
author_facet Giuseppina Balassone
Piergiulio Cappelletti
Alberto De Bonis
Antonio De Simone
Diego Di Martire
Sossio Fabio Graziano
Celestino Grifa
Paolo Giulierini
Francesco Izzo
Alessio Langella
Mariano Mercurio
Vincenzo Morra
Mariateresa Operetto
Amanda Piezzo
Concetta Rispoli
Maria Verde
author_sort Giuseppina Balassone
collection DOAJ
description A key challenge in the art and archaeological field is the instrumental analysis of objects and materials while preserving their integrity. In this study, the world-renowned artwork Alexander Mosaic (The Issus Battle, collection of the National Archaeological Museum of Naples, IT), the most iconic representation of the face of the Macedonian king Alexander the Great coming from a Pompeii domus, was thoroughly analyzed with mobile and non-invasive methods, within a great project of restoration started in 2020. Representative areas of the Mosaic, overall consisting of ca. two million of tesserae, was studied by in situ videomicroscopy, infrared thermography (IRT), multispectral imaging, portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. Ten tesserae colors were discriminated, and hypotheses on their geological provenances are proposed. Plasters, mineral components and other substances of old protective materials were characterized. The information obtained with this approach paved the way to knowledgeable restoration.
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publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
record_format Article
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spelling doaj-art-cbb99e12e91e41c09a7d5c13721d4a222025-08-20T02:12:49ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032025-01-01201e031518810.1371/journal.pone.0315188From tiny to immense: Geological spotlight on the Alexander Mosaic (National Archaeological Museum of Naples, Italy) using non-invasive in situ analyses.Giuseppina BalassonePiergiulio CappellettiAlberto De BonisAntonio De SimoneDiego Di MartireSossio Fabio GrazianoCelestino GrifaPaolo GiulieriniFrancesco IzzoAlessio LangellaMariano MercurioVincenzo MorraMariateresa OperettoAmanda PiezzoConcetta RispoliMaria VerdeA key challenge in the art and archaeological field is the instrumental analysis of objects and materials while preserving their integrity. In this study, the world-renowned artwork Alexander Mosaic (The Issus Battle, collection of the National Archaeological Museum of Naples, IT), the most iconic representation of the face of the Macedonian king Alexander the Great coming from a Pompeii domus, was thoroughly analyzed with mobile and non-invasive methods, within a great project of restoration started in 2020. Representative areas of the Mosaic, overall consisting of ca. two million of tesserae, was studied by in situ videomicroscopy, infrared thermography (IRT), multispectral imaging, portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. Ten tesserae colors were discriminated, and hypotheses on their geological provenances are proposed. Plasters, mineral components and other substances of old protective materials were characterized. The information obtained with this approach paved the way to knowledgeable restoration.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0315188
spellingShingle Giuseppina Balassone
Piergiulio Cappelletti
Alberto De Bonis
Antonio De Simone
Diego Di Martire
Sossio Fabio Graziano
Celestino Grifa
Paolo Giulierini
Francesco Izzo
Alessio Langella
Mariano Mercurio
Vincenzo Morra
Mariateresa Operetto
Amanda Piezzo
Concetta Rispoli
Maria Verde
From tiny to immense: Geological spotlight on the Alexander Mosaic (National Archaeological Museum of Naples, Italy) using non-invasive in situ analyses.
PLoS ONE
title From tiny to immense: Geological spotlight on the Alexander Mosaic (National Archaeological Museum of Naples, Italy) using non-invasive in situ analyses.
title_full From tiny to immense: Geological spotlight on the Alexander Mosaic (National Archaeological Museum of Naples, Italy) using non-invasive in situ analyses.
title_fullStr From tiny to immense: Geological spotlight on the Alexander Mosaic (National Archaeological Museum of Naples, Italy) using non-invasive in situ analyses.
title_full_unstemmed From tiny to immense: Geological spotlight on the Alexander Mosaic (National Archaeological Museum of Naples, Italy) using non-invasive in situ analyses.
title_short From tiny to immense: Geological spotlight on the Alexander Mosaic (National Archaeological Museum of Naples, Italy) using non-invasive in situ analyses.
title_sort from tiny to immense geological spotlight on the alexander mosaic national archaeological museum of naples italy using non invasive in situ analyses
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0315188
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