Mechanical, Microstructure and Corrosion Properties of Friction Stir Welded Dissimilar Austenitic Stainless Steel Joints

In many industries, challenges arise when welding dissimilar materials using traditional methods, such as fusion welding. These challenges often lead to problems like cracking, phase segregation, and intermetallic formation. To solve these issues, a low-operating-temperature friction stir welding (F...

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Main Authors: Sundar raju Govindaraj, Senthil Vaithilingam, Sivakumar Karuppan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Associação Brasileira de Metalurgia e Materiais (ABM); Associação Brasileira de Cerâmica (ABC); Associação Brasileira de Polímeros (ABPol) 2025-08-01
Series:Materials Research
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Online Access:http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-14392025000100273&lng=en&tlng=en
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author Sundar raju Govindaraj
Senthil Vaithilingam
Sivakumar Karuppan
author_facet Sundar raju Govindaraj
Senthil Vaithilingam
Sivakumar Karuppan
author_sort Sundar raju Govindaraj
collection DOAJ
description In many industries, challenges arise when welding dissimilar materials using traditional methods, such as fusion welding. These challenges often lead to problems like cracking, phase segregation, and intermetallic formation. To solve these issues, a low-operating-temperature friction stir welding (FSW) technique was employed to fabricate dissimilar stainless steel joints. In this study, AISI 304 and AISI 316 dissimilar butt joints were welded by friction stir welding at different tool rotational speeds of 600 to 900 rpm with a constant welding speed of 40 mm/min and an axial load of 15 kN. AISI 304 was on the retreating side, and AISI 316 was on the advancing side during the welding operation. At a tool rotation speed of 800 rpm, defect-free, dissimilar FSW joints with good mechanical characteristics were achieved. The tensile result indicates that the yield strength of the welded metal is higher than that of both base metals. Similarly, the hardness of the weld metal was higher than those of the base metal. It is due to the microstructural refinement of the weld metal attained by dynamic recrystallization caused by the stirring action of the tool at elevated temperatures. The microstructural results indicate ductile fracture properties. The pitting potential of dissimilar steel joints is less than that of similar AISI 304 and AISI 316 joints. However, it can stand in severe, corrosive environments.
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publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher Associação Brasileira de Metalurgia e Materiais (ABM); Associação Brasileira de Cerâmica (ABC); Associação Brasileira de Polímeros (ABPol)
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spelling doaj-art-cba8cedb6deb42aa853e36590c9d38732025-08-20T03:02:32ZengAssociação Brasileira de Metalurgia e Materiais (ABM); Associação Brasileira de Cerâmica (ABC); Associação Brasileira de Polímeros (ABPol)Materials Research1516-14392025-08-012810.1590/1980-5373-mr-2024-0477Mechanical, Microstructure and Corrosion Properties of Friction Stir Welded Dissimilar Austenitic Stainless Steel JointsSundar raju Govindarajhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6659-3211Senthil VaithilingamSivakumar KaruppanIn many industries, challenges arise when welding dissimilar materials using traditional methods, such as fusion welding. These challenges often lead to problems like cracking, phase segregation, and intermetallic formation. To solve these issues, a low-operating-temperature friction stir welding (FSW) technique was employed to fabricate dissimilar stainless steel joints. In this study, AISI 304 and AISI 316 dissimilar butt joints were welded by friction stir welding at different tool rotational speeds of 600 to 900 rpm with a constant welding speed of 40 mm/min and an axial load of 15 kN. AISI 304 was on the retreating side, and AISI 316 was on the advancing side during the welding operation. At a tool rotation speed of 800 rpm, defect-free, dissimilar FSW joints with good mechanical characteristics were achieved. The tensile result indicates that the yield strength of the welded metal is higher than that of both base metals. Similarly, the hardness of the weld metal was higher than those of the base metal. It is due to the microstructural refinement of the weld metal attained by dynamic recrystallization caused by the stirring action of the tool at elevated temperatures. The microstructural results indicate ductile fracture properties. The pitting potential of dissimilar steel joints is less than that of similar AISI 304 and AISI 316 joints. However, it can stand in severe, corrosive environments.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-14392025000100273&lng=en&tlng=enFriction stir weldingDissimilarTool rotational speedRecrystallizationCorrosion
spellingShingle Sundar raju Govindaraj
Senthil Vaithilingam
Sivakumar Karuppan
Mechanical, Microstructure and Corrosion Properties of Friction Stir Welded Dissimilar Austenitic Stainless Steel Joints
Materials Research
Friction stir welding
Dissimilar
Tool rotational speed
Recrystallization
Corrosion
title Mechanical, Microstructure and Corrosion Properties of Friction Stir Welded Dissimilar Austenitic Stainless Steel Joints
title_full Mechanical, Microstructure and Corrosion Properties of Friction Stir Welded Dissimilar Austenitic Stainless Steel Joints
title_fullStr Mechanical, Microstructure and Corrosion Properties of Friction Stir Welded Dissimilar Austenitic Stainless Steel Joints
title_full_unstemmed Mechanical, Microstructure and Corrosion Properties of Friction Stir Welded Dissimilar Austenitic Stainless Steel Joints
title_short Mechanical, Microstructure and Corrosion Properties of Friction Stir Welded Dissimilar Austenitic Stainless Steel Joints
title_sort mechanical microstructure and corrosion properties of friction stir welded dissimilar austenitic stainless steel joints
topic Friction stir welding
Dissimilar
Tool rotational speed
Recrystallization
Corrosion
url http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-14392025000100273&lng=en&tlng=en
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