When Genetic Diversity Is Low: The Effects of Ploidy Level on Plant Functional Trait Expression in Spartina Under Global Change

ABSTRACT Whole genome duplication (WGD or polyploidization) events shape plant evolution, altering ecological responses and plant traits, particularly those related to cell and tissue size. We studied genetic diversity and phenotypic plasticity in Spartina populations, focusing on hybrid (Spartina ×...

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Main Authors: Dirk Granse, Paul Wendt, Sigrid Suchrow, Dieter Hanelt, Jörg Fromm, Morgane Milin, Oscar Lima, Armel Salmon, Malika Aïnouche, Kai Jensen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-03-01
Series:Ecology and Evolution
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71022
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author Dirk Granse
Paul Wendt
Sigrid Suchrow
Dieter Hanelt
Jörg Fromm
Morgane Milin
Oscar Lima
Armel Salmon
Malika Aïnouche
Kai Jensen
author_facet Dirk Granse
Paul Wendt
Sigrid Suchrow
Dieter Hanelt
Jörg Fromm
Morgane Milin
Oscar Lima
Armel Salmon
Malika Aïnouche
Kai Jensen
author_sort Dirk Granse
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Whole genome duplication (WGD or polyploidization) events shape plant evolution, altering ecological responses and plant traits, particularly those related to cell and tissue size. We studied genetic diversity and phenotypic plasticity in Spartina populations, focusing on hybrid (Spartina × townsendii) and allopolyploid (S. anglica) cytotypes in Wadden Sea salt marshes. Our results reveal low genetic diversity in both cytotypes and a complex response of plant traits to global change factors (drought, elevated CO2 concentration). While WGD increased stomatal length, plasticity varied between cytotypes, with allopolyploids showing higher plasticity, especially under elevated CO2. Biomass allocation patterns differed between cytotypes under global change conditions, suggesting distinct effects on ecosystem functioning, such as belowground carbon sequestration and cycling. The allopolyploid's comparatively fewer, larger‐diameter stems may affect aboveground ecosystem functions differently, including sediment trapping and the slowing of tidal currents. Despite similar genetic backgrounds, allopolyploids did not consistently exhibit higher plasticity, challenging previous assumptions. Our findings highlight the complex interplay between hybridization, WGD, phenotypic plasticity, and ecosystem responses to global change, emphasizing the importance of considering polyploidization in understanding plant adaptation and evolutionary dynamics.
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spelling doaj-art-cb9cf084cbed42d8b68f187507b691aa2025-08-20T01:48:41ZengWileyEcology and Evolution2045-77582025-03-01153n/an/a10.1002/ece3.71022When Genetic Diversity Is Low: The Effects of Ploidy Level on Plant Functional Trait Expression in Spartina Under Global ChangeDirk Granse0Paul Wendt1Sigrid Suchrow2Dieter Hanelt3Jörg Fromm4Morgane Milin5Oscar Lima6Armel Salmon7Malika Aïnouche8Kai Jensen9Applied Plant Ecology, Institute of Plant Sciences and Microbiology University of Hamburg Hamburg GermanyApplied Plant Ecology, Institute of Plant Sciences and Microbiology University of Hamburg Hamburg GermanyApplied Plant Ecology, Institute of Plant Sciences and Microbiology University of Hamburg Hamburg GermanyAquatic Ecophysiology and Phycology, Institute of Plant Sciences and Microbiology University of Hamburg Hamburg GermanyWood Biology, Institute of Wood Science University of Hamburg Hamburg GermanyUniversity of Rennes 1, UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio Rennes Cedex FranceUniversity of Rennes 1, UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio Rennes Cedex FranceUniversity of Rennes 1, UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio Rennes Cedex FranceUniversity of Rennes 1, UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio Rennes Cedex FranceApplied Plant Ecology, Institute of Plant Sciences and Microbiology University of Hamburg Hamburg GermanyABSTRACT Whole genome duplication (WGD or polyploidization) events shape plant evolution, altering ecological responses and plant traits, particularly those related to cell and tissue size. We studied genetic diversity and phenotypic plasticity in Spartina populations, focusing on hybrid (Spartina × townsendii) and allopolyploid (S. anglica) cytotypes in Wadden Sea salt marshes. Our results reveal low genetic diversity in both cytotypes and a complex response of plant traits to global change factors (drought, elevated CO2 concentration). While WGD increased stomatal length, plasticity varied between cytotypes, with allopolyploids showing higher plasticity, especially under elevated CO2. Biomass allocation patterns differed between cytotypes under global change conditions, suggesting distinct effects on ecosystem functioning, such as belowground carbon sequestration and cycling. The allopolyploid's comparatively fewer, larger‐diameter stems may affect aboveground ecosystem functions differently, including sediment trapping and the slowing of tidal currents. Despite similar genetic backgrounds, allopolyploids did not consistently exhibit higher plasticity, challenging previous assumptions. Our findings highlight the complex interplay between hybridization, WGD, phenotypic plasticity, and ecosystem responses to global change, emphasizing the importance of considering polyploidization in understanding plant adaptation and evolutionary dynamics.https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71022allopolyploidyclimate changeco‐variation in multiple plant traitshybridization in plantsmultivariate trait plasticity index MVPiplant fitness homeostasis
spellingShingle Dirk Granse
Paul Wendt
Sigrid Suchrow
Dieter Hanelt
Jörg Fromm
Morgane Milin
Oscar Lima
Armel Salmon
Malika Aïnouche
Kai Jensen
When Genetic Diversity Is Low: The Effects of Ploidy Level on Plant Functional Trait Expression in Spartina Under Global Change
Ecology and Evolution
allopolyploidy
climate change
co‐variation in multiple plant traits
hybridization in plants
multivariate trait plasticity index MVPi
plant fitness homeostasis
title When Genetic Diversity Is Low: The Effects of Ploidy Level on Plant Functional Trait Expression in Spartina Under Global Change
title_full When Genetic Diversity Is Low: The Effects of Ploidy Level on Plant Functional Trait Expression in Spartina Under Global Change
title_fullStr When Genetic Diversity Is Low: The Effects of Ploidy Level on Plant Functional Trait Expression in Spartina Under Global Change
title_full_unstemmed When Genetic Diversity Is Low: The Effects of Ploidy Level on Plant Functional Trait Expression in Spartina Under Global Change
title_short When Genetic Diversity Is Low: The Effects of Ploidy Level on Plant Functional Trait Expression in Spartina Under Global Change
title_sort when genetic diversity is low the effects of ploidy level on plant functional trait expression in spartina under global change
topic allopolyploidy
climate change
co‐variation in multiple plant traits
hybridization in plants
multivariate trait plasticity index MVPi
plant fitness homeostasis
url https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71022
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