Path Loss Characterization at the 1800 and 2100 MHz Frequency Bands in Citrus Plantations
Agriculture 4.0 is revolutionizing crop production by leveraging advanced sensor networks and wireless technologies, with efficiently planned radio communication systems serving as a key component. In this paper, we develop a theoretical model for calculating the propagation path loss in a Line-of-S...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2024-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10804774/ |
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| author | Ricardo Robles-Enciso Leandro Juan-Llacer Jose-Maria Molina-Garcia-Pardo Jose-Victor Rodriguez |
| author_facet | Ricardo Robles-Enciso Leandro Juan-Llacer Jose-Maria Molina-Garcia-Pardo Jose-Victor Rodriguez |
| author_sort | Ricardo Robles-Enciso |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Agriculture 4.0 is revolutionizing crop production by leveraging advanced sensor networks and wireless technologies, with efficiently planned radio communication systems serving as a key component. In this paper, we develop a theoretical model for calculating the propagation path loss in a Line-of-Sight (LoS) context in a lemon plantation. The heights of the transmitter and receiver are hereby considered to be below tree height. The model was used to compare measurements performed in the citrus plantation in the 1800 and 2100 MHz frequency bands. A layered approach in the Vertical Plane (VP) and the Horizontal Plane (HP) was assumed. In the VP, we used a homogeneous medium with relative permittivity instead of soil. In the HP, we represented the trees as an equivalent continuous medium with effective permittivity. We find that a simple model including direct and reflection-from-soil contributions is enough to estimate the path loss within 10 m. To estimate accurate path loss beyond this distance, however, it becomes necessary to incorporate direct, reflected-from-soil, and reflected-from-trees contributions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cb9c9552aac3465eabe22f670c522fdc |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj-art-cb9c9552aac3465eabe22f670c522fdc2024-12-21T00:01:38ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362024-01-011219188319189210.1109/ACCESS.2024.351916510804774Path Loss Characterization at the 1800 and 2100 MHz Frequency Bands in Citrus PlantationsRicardo Robles-Enciso0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9760-5230Leandro Juan-Llacer1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1046-3466Jose-Maria Molina-Garcia-Pardo2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6415-7363Jose-Victor Rodriguez3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3298-6439Information Technologies and Communications Department, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, SpainInformation Technologies and Communications Department, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, SpainInformation Technologies and Communications Department, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, SpainInformation Technologies and Communications Department, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, SpainAgriculture 4.0 is revolutionizing crop production by leveraging advanced sensor networks and wireless technologies, with efficiently planned radio communication systems serving as a key component. In this paper, we develop a theoretical model for calculating the propagation path loss in a Line-of-Sight (LoS) context in a lemon plantation. The heights of the transmitter and receiver are hereby considered to be below tree height. The model was used to compare measurements performed in the citrus plantation in the 1800 and 2100 MHz frequency bands. A layered approach in the Vertical Plane (VP) and the Horizontal Plane (HP) was assumed. In the VP, we used a homogeneous medium with relative permittivity instead of soil. In the HP, we represented the trees as an equivalent continuous medium with effective permittivity. We find that a simple model including direct and reflection-from-soil contributions is enough to estimate the path loss within 10 m. To estimate accurate path loss beyond this distance, however, it becomes necessary to incorporate direct, reflected-from-soil, and reflected-from-trees contributions.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10804774/Radiopropagation in citrus plantationlemon leaf permittivitypath loss modelIoTchannel modeling |
| spellingShingle | Ricardo Robles-Enciso Leandro Juan-Llacer Jose-Maria Molina-Garcia-Pardo Jose-Victor Rodriguez Path Loss Characterization at the 1800 and 2100 MHz Frequency Bands in Citrus Plantations IEEE Access Radiopropagation in citrus plantation lemon leaf permittivity path loss model IoT channel modeling |
| title | Path Loss Characterization at the 1800 and 2100 MHz Frequency Bands in Citrus Plantations |
| title_full | Path Loss Characterization at the 1800 and 2100 MHz Frequency Bands in Citrus Plantations |
| title_fullStr | Path Loss Characterization at the 1800 and 2100 MHz Frequency Bands in Citrus Plantations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Path Loss Characterization at the 1800 and 2100 MHz Frequency Bands in Citrus Plantations |
| title_short | Path Loss Characterization at the 1800 and 2100 MHz Frequency Bands in Citrus Plantations |
| title_sort | path loss characterization at the 1800 and 2100 mhz frequency bands in citrus plantations |
| topic | Radiopropagation in citrus plantation lemon leaf permittivity path loss model IoT channel modeling |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10804774/ |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ricardoroblesenciso pathlosscharacterizationatthe1800and2100mhzfrequencybandsincitrusplantations AT leandrojuanllacer pathlosscharacterizationatthe1800and2100mhzfrequencybandsincitrusplantations AT josemariamolinagarciapardo pathlosscharacterizationatthe1800and2100mhzfrequencybandsincitrusplantations AT josevictorrodriguez pathlosscharacterizationatthe1800and2100mhzfrequencybandsincitrusplantations |