Sexual dimorphism alters seasonal chelae muscle mechanisms in spiny-cheek crayfish (Faxonius limosus)

Sex-specific behaviours of freshwater crayfish are key elements in sustaining species persistence and successful conquering of new habitats in freshwater ecosystems. However, to date, information on molecular mechanisms that underpin the anatomy and physiology of crayfish sexes in successful mating...

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Main Authors: Przemysław Śmietana, Natalia Śmietana, Piotr Eljasik, Sławomir Lisiecki, Małgorzata Sobczak, Remigiusz Panicz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Physiology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2025.1567862/full
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author Przemysław Śmietana
Natalia Śmietana
Piotr Eljasik
Sławomir Lisiecki
Małgorzata Sobczak
Remigiusz Panicz
author_facet Przemysław Śmietana
Natalia Śmietana
Piotr Eljasik
Sławomir Lisiecki
Małgorzata Sobczak
Remigiusz Panicz
author_sort Przemysław Śmietana
collection DOAJ
description Sex-specific behaviours of freshwater crayfish are key elements in sustaining species persistence and successful conquering of new habitats in freshwater ecosystems. However, to date, information on molecular mechanisms that underpin the anatomy and physiology of crayfish sexes in successful mating behaviour was scarcely presented. In this study, Faxonius limosus females and males were sampled in spring and autumn to assess the impact of sexes and seasons on body parameters and activity of arginine kinase (ak), ferritin (fr), crustacean calcium-binding protein 23 (ccbp-23), troponin c (tnnc), and skeletal muscle actin 8 (actinsk8) genes related to the functioning of muscles in chelae. Comparison of body parameters showed significant differences in the weight and size of individuals in two seasons, underlining that large chelae are essential for males in mating behaviours and male-male competitive interactions. The gene expression analysis showed that activities of the five genes in the chelae muscle of F. limosus were influenced by the season- and sex-specific drivers. Multivariate analyses specifically identified the key genes (e.g., tnnc in males from spring) that were directly involved in metabolisms of chelae muscles of males and females collected in spring and autumn. The study, for the first time, described the direct impact of two key seasons and sexes on the anatomical features and molecular mechanisms that shaped the behaviour of F. limosus.
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publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
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spelling doaj-art-cb974ae82ddf4a198aa5ecc78d8f97712025-08-20T01:55:48ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2025-04-011610.3389/fphys.2025.15678621567862Sexual dimorphism alters seasonal chelae muscle mechanisms in spiny-cheek crayfish (Faxonius limosus)Przemysław Śmietana0Natalia Śmietana1Piotr Eljasik2Sławomir Lisiecki3Małgorzata Sobczak4Remigiusz Panicz5Department of Environmental Ecology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, PolandFaculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Szczecin, PolandFaculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Szczecin, PolandFaculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Szczecin, PolandFaculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Szczecin, PolandFaculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Szczecin, PolandSex-specific behaviours of freshwater crayfish are key elements in sustaining species persistence and successful conquering of new habitats in freshwater ecosystems. However, to date, information on molecular mechanisms that underpin the anatomy and physiology of crayfish sexes in successful mating behaviour was scarcely presented. In this study, Faxonius limosus females and males were sampled in spring and autumn to assess the impact of sexes and seasons on body parameters and activity of arginine kinase (ak), ferritin (fr), crustacean calcium-binding protein 23 (ccbp-23), troponin c (tnnc), and skeletal muscle actin 8 (actinsk8) genes related to the functioning of muscles in chelae. Comparison of body parameters showed significant differences in the weight and size of individuals in two seasons, underlining that large chelae are essential for males in mating behaviours and male-male competitive interactions. The gene expression analysis showed that activities of the five genes in the chelae muscle of F. limosus were influenced by the season- and sex-specific drivers. Multivariate analyses specifically identified the key genes (e.g., tnnc in males from spring) that were directly involved in metabolisms of chelae muscles of males and females collected in spring and autumn. The study, for the first time, described the direct impact of two key seasons and sexes on the anatomical features and molecular mechanisms that shaped the behaviour of F. limosus.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2025.1567862/fullfreshwater ecosystemgene expressionmating behaviourmolecular mechanismprincipal component analysis
spellingShingle Przemysław Śmietana
Natalia Śmietana
Piotr Eljasik
Sławomir Lisiecki
Małgorzata Sobczak
Remigiusz Panicz
Sexual dimorphism alters seasonal chelae muscle mechanisms in spiny-cheek crayfish (Faxonius limosus)
Frontiers in Physiology
freshwater ecosystem
gene expression
mating behaviour
molecular mechanism
principal component analysis
title Sexual dimorphism alters seasonal chelae muscle mechanisms in spiny-cheek crayfish (Faxonius limosus)
title_full Sexual dimorphism alters seasonal chelae muscle mechanisms in spiny-cheek crayfish (Faxonius limosus)
title_fullStr Sexual dimorphism alters seasonal chelae muscle mechanisms in spiny-cheek crayfish (Faxonius limosus)
title_full_unstemmed Sexual dimorphism alters seasonal chelae muscle mechanisms in spiny-cheek crayfish (Faxonius limosus)
title_short Sexual dimorphism alters seasonal chelae muscle mechanisms in spiny-cheek crayfish (Faxonius limosus)
title_sort sexual dimorphism alters seasonal chelae muscle mechanisms in spiny cheek crayfish faxonius limosus
topic freshwater ecosystem
gene expression
mating behaviour
molecular mechanism
principal component analysis
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2025.1567862/full
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