HalalChain: A decentralized blockchain model for enhanced data integrity, real-time compliance, and automated verification in halal food supply chain

The global halal food industry, valued at over $1.9 trillion, faces critical challenges in ensuring transparency, traceability, and compliance with Islamic dietary laws across complex supply chains. Traditional centralized systems are vulnerable to inefficiencies, fraud, and data tampering, undermin...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Muhammad Muntasir Yakubu, Mohd Fadzil B Hassan, Kamaluddeen Usman Danyaro, Bello Musa Yakubu, Abdullah Abdulrahman Alabdulatif, S. Zulaikha Beevi, Aliyu Garba
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Results in Engineering
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259012302502660X
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Summary:The global halal food industry, valued at over $1.9 trillion, faces critical challenges in ensuring transparency, traceability, and compliance with Islamic dietary laws across complex supply chains. Traditional centralized systems are vulnerable to inefficiencies, fraud, and data tampering, undermining consumer trust. This paper introduces HalalChain, a blockchain-based model designed to address these gaps through decentralized verification, automated compliance, and tamper-proof data integrity. HalalChain integrates Proof of Authority (PoA) consensus, cryptographic hashing, Merkle Trees, and IoT sensors to enforce halal-specific protocols, such as ritual slaughter validation (Bismillah Allahu Akbar invocation) and cross-contamination monitoring. Key innovations include threshold cryptography for decentralized authority consensus, smart contracts for real-time Islamic compliance checks, and privacy-preserving decentralized identifiers (DIDs). Experimental evaluations demonstrate HalalChain’s superiority over existing models (AgriFoodCredChain, AgriBlockIoT), achieving a 99.8 % tamper detection rate, transaction throughput (38 TPS), consensus times of 1.2–2.5 s, 98 % validator approval rate, and optimal compliance adherence under varying loads. The framework reduces reliance on intermediaries, automates halal certification, and enhances operational efficiency while safeguarding sensitive data. These advancements position HalalChain as a transformative solution for strengthening trust, regulatory enforcement, and ethical integrity in halal supply chains globally.
ISSN:2590-1230