Chitin, Chitosan and Its Derivatives: Antimicrobials and/or Mitigators of Water

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global health problem, exacerbated by the excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics in human medicine, animal care and agriculture. Therefore, new strategies and compounds are needed to overcome this issue. In this view, it may be appropriate to reconsi...

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Main Authors: Eva Scarcelli, Alessia Catalano, Domenico Iacopetta, Jessica Ceramella, Maria Stefania Sinicropi, Francesca Aiello
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Macromol
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6209/5/2/15
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author Eva Scarcelli
Alessia Catalano
Domenico Iacopetta
Jessica Ceramella
Maria Stefania Sinicropi
Francesca Aiello
author_facet Eva Scarcelli
Alessia Catalano
Domenico Iacopetta
Jessica Ceramella
Maria Stefania Sinicropi
Francesca Aiello
author_sort Eva Scarcelli
collection DOAJ
description Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global health problem, exacerbated by the excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics in human medicine, animal care and agriculture. Therefore, new strategies and compounds are needed to overcome this issue. In this view, it may be appropriate to reconsider existing biomaterials to alleviate antibiotic overuse. Chitin, a naturally abundant amino mucopolysaccharide, is a poly-β-1, 4-<i>N</i>-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). It is a white, hard, inelastic, nitrogenous polysaccharide and the major source of surface pollution in coastal areas. Chitosan derives from the partial <i>N</i>-deacetylation of chitin and originates from the shells of crustaceans and the fungi cell walls. It is a nontoxic natural antimicrobial polymer approved by GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe by the United States Food and Drug Administration). Chitin and chitosan, as non-toxic biopolymers, are useful compounds for wastewater treatment to remove pollutants, such as pharmaceuticals, heavy metals and dyes. The described features make these biopolymers intriguing compounds to be investigated for their application as antibacterials.
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institution OA Journals
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publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Macromol
spelling doaj-art-cb88c7b771d34ac1b577c4b1ef811edf2025-08-20T02:21:04ZengMDPI AGMacromol2673-62092025-04-01521510.3390/macromol5020015Chitin, Chitosan and Its Derivatives: Antimicrobials and/or Mitigators of WaterEva Scarcelli0Alessia Catalano1Domenico Iacopetta2Jessica Ceramella3Maria Stefania Sinicropi4Francesca Aiello5Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70126 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, ItalyAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global health problem, exacerbated by the excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics in human medicine, animal care and agriculture. Therefore, new strategies and compounds are needed to overcome this issue. In this view, it may be appropriate to reconsider existing biomaterials to alleviate antibiotic overuse. Chitin, a naturally abundant amino mucopolysaccharide, is a poly-β-1, 4-<i>N</i>-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). It is a white, hard, inelastic, nitrogenous polysaccharide and the major source of surface pollution in coastal areas. Chitosan derives from the partial <i>N</i>-deacetylation of chitin and originates from the shells of crustaceans and the fungi cell walls. It is a nontoxic natural antimicrobial polymer approved by GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe by the United States Food and Drug Administration). Chitin and chitosan, as non-toxic biopolymers, are useful compounds for wastewater treatment to remove pollutants, such as pharmaceuticals, heavy metals and dyes. The described features make these biopolymers intriguing compounds to be investigated for their application as antibacterials.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6209/5/2/15chitinchitosanantimicrobialheavy metalswastewater treatmentAMR
spellingShingle Eva Scarcelli
Alessia Catalano
Domenico Iacopetta
Jessica Ceramella
Maria Stefania Sinicropi
Francesca Aiello
Chitin, Chitosan and Its Derivatives: Antimicrobials and/or Mitigators of Water
Macromol
chitin
chitosan
antimicrobial
heavy metals
wastewater treatment
AMR
title Chitin, Chitosan and Its Derivatives: Antimicrobials and/or Mitigators of Water
title_full Chitin, Chitosan and Its Derivatives: Antimicrobials and/or Mitigators of Water
title_fullStr Chitin, Chitosan and Its Derivatives: Antimicrobials and/or Mitigators of Water
title_full_unstemmed Chitin, Chitosan and Its Derivatives: Antimicrobials and/or Mitigators of Water
title_short Chitin, Chitosan and Its Derivatives: Antimicrobials and/or Mitigators of Water
title_sort chitin chitosan and its derivatives antimicrobials and or mitigators of water
topic chitin
chitosan
antimicrobial
heavy metals
wastewater treatment
AMR
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6209/5/2/15
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