Electrode Arrays for Detecting and Modulating Deep Brain Neural Information in Primates: A Review
Primates possess a more developed central nervous system and a higher level of intelligence than rodents. Detecting and modulating deep brain activity in primates enhances our understanding of neural mechanisms, facilitates the study of major brain diseases, enables brain–computer interactions, and...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | Cyborg and Bionic Systems |
| Online Access: | https://spj.science.org/doi/10.34133/cbsystems.0249 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850037064959000576 |
|---|---|
| author | Siyu Zhang Yilin Song Shiya Lv Luyi Jing Mingchuan Wang Yu Liu Wei Xu Peiyao Jiao Suyi Zhang Mixia Wang Juntao Liu Yirong Wu Xinxia Cai |
| author_facet | Siyu Zhang Yilin Song Shiya Lv Luyi Jing Mingchuan Wang Yu Liu Wei Xu Peiyao Jiao Suyi Zhang Mixia Wang Juntao Liu Yirong Wu Xinxia Cai |
| author_sort | Siyu Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Primates possess a more developed central nervous system and a higher level of intelligence than rodents. Detecting and modulating deep brain activity in primates enhances our understanding of neural mechanisms, facilitates the study of major brain diseases, enables brain–computer interactions, and supports advancements in artificial intelligence. Traditional imaging methods such as magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission computed tomography, and scalp electroencephalogram are limited in spatial resolution. They cannot accurately capture deep brain signals from individual neurons. With the progress of microelectromechanical systems and other micromachining technologies, single-neuron level detection and stimulation technology in rodents based on microelectrodes has made important progress. However, compared with rodents, human and nonhuman primates have larger brain volume that needs deeper implantation depth, and the test object has higher safety and device preparation requirements. Therefore, high-resolution devices suitable for long-term detection in the brains of primates are urgently needed. This paper reviewed electrode array devices used for electrophysiological and electrochemical detections in primates’ deep brains. The research progress of neural recording and stimulation technologies was introduced from the perspective of electrode type and device structures, and their potential value in neuroscience research and clinical disease treatments was discussed. Finally, it is speculated that future electrodes will have a lot of room for development in terms of flexibility, high resolution, deep brain, and high throughput. The improvements in electrode forms and preparation process will expand our understanding of deep brain neural activities, and bring new opportunities and challenges for the further development of neuroscience. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cb652899bcde4a63a932e7997be63d7e |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2692-7632 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cyborg and Bionic Systems |
| spelling | doaj-art-cb652899bcde4a63a932e7997be63d7e2025-08-20T02:56:58ZengAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)Cyborg and Bionic Systems2692-76322025-01-01610.34133/cbsystems.0249Electrode Arrays for Detecting and Modulating Deep Brain Neural Information in Primates: A ReviewSiyu Zhang0Yilin Song1Shiya Lv2Luyi Jing3Mingchuan Wang4Yu Liu5Wei Xu6Peiyao Jiao7Suyi Zhang8Mixia Wang9Juntao Liu10Yirong Wu11Xinxia Cai12State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.Primates possess a more developed central nervous system and a higher level of intelligence than rodents. Detecting and modulating deep brain activity in primates enhances our understanding of neural mechanisms, facilitates the study of major brain diseases, enables brain–computer interactions, and supports advancements in artificial intelligence. Traditional imaging methods such as magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission computed tomography, and scalp electroencephalogram are limited in spatial resolution. They cannot accurately capture deep brain signals from individual neurons. With the progress of microelectromechanical systems and other micromachining technologies, single-neuron level detection and stimulation technology in rodents based on microelectrodes has made important progress. However, compared with rodents, human and nonhuman primates have larger brain volume that needs deeper implantation depth, and the test object has higher safety and device preparation requirements. Therefore, high-resolution devices suitable for long-term detection in the brains of primates are urgently needed. This paper reviewed electrode array devices used for electrophysiological and electrochemical detections in primates’ deep brains. The research progress of neural recording and stimulation technologies was introduced from the perspective of electrode type and device structures, and their potential value in neuroscience research and clinical disease treatments was discussed. Finally, it is speculated that future electrodes will have a lot of room for development in terms of flexibility, high resolution, deep brain, and high throughput. The improvements in electrode forms and preparation process will expand our understanding of deep brain neural activities, and bring new opportunities and challenges for the further development of neuroscience.https://spj.science.org/doi/10.34133/cbsystems.0249 |
| spellingShingle | Siyu Zhang Yilin Song Shiya Lv Luyi Jing Mingchuan Wang Yu Liu Wei Xu Peiyao Jiao Suyi Zhang Mixia Wang Juntao Liu Yirong Wu Xinxia Cai Electrode Arrays for Detecting and Modulating Deep Brain Neural Information in Primates: A Review Cyborg and Bionic Systems |
| title | Electrode Arrays for Detecting and Modulating Deep Brain Neural Information in Primates: A Review |
| title_full | Electrode Arrays for Detecting and Modulating Deep Brain Neural Information in Primates: A Review |
| title_fullStr | Electrode Arrays for Detecting and Modulating Deep Brain Neural Information in Primates: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electrode Arrays for Detecting and Modulating Deep Brain Neural Information in Primates: A Review |
| title_short | Electrode Arrays for Detecting and Modulating Deep Brain Neural Information in Primates: A Review |
| title_sort | electrode arrays for detecting and modulating deep brain neural information in primates a review |
| url | https://spj.science.org/doi/10.34133/cbsystems.0249 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT siyuzhang electrodearraysfordetectingandmodulatingdeepbrainneuralinformationinprimatesareview AT yilinsong electrodearraysfordetectingandmodulatingdeepbrainneuralinformationinprimatesareview AT shiyalv electrodearraysfordetectingandmodulatingdeepbrainneuralinformationinprimatesareview AT luyijing electrodearraysfordetectingandmodulatingdeepbrainneuralinformationinprimatesareview AT mingchuanwang electrodearraysfordetectingandmodulatingdeepbrainneuralinformationinprimatesareview AT yuliu electrodearraysfordetectingandmodulatingdeepbrainneuralinformationinprimatesareview AT weixu electrodearraysfordetectingandmodulatingdeepbrainneuralinformationinprimatesareview AT peiyaojiao electrodearraysfordetectingandmodulatingdeepbrainneuralinformationinprimatesareview AT suyizhang electrodearraysfordetectingandmodulatingdeepbrainneuralinformationinprimatesareview AT mixiawang electrodearraysfordetectingandmodulatingdeepbrainneuralinformationinprimatesareview AT juntaoliu electrodearraysfordetectingandmodulatingdeepbrainneuralinformationinprimatesareview AT yirongwu electrodearraysfordetectingandmodulatingdeepbrainneuralinformationinprimatesareview AT xinxiacai electrodearraysfordetectingandmodulatingdeepbrainneuralinformationinprimatesareview |