Bilayer orthogonal ferromagnetism in CrTe2-based van der Waals system

Abstract Systems with pronounced spin anisotropy are pivotal in advancing magnetization switching and spin-wave generation mechanisms that are fundamental to spintronic technologies. Quasi-van der Waals ferromagnets like Cr1+δ Te2 represent seminal materials in this field, renowned for their delicat...

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Main Authors: Chiara Bigi, Cyriack Jego, Vincent Polewczyk, Alessandro De Vita, Thomas Jaouen, Hulerich C. Tchouekem, François Bertran, Patrick Le Fèvre, Pascal Turban, Jean-François Jacquot, Jill A. Miwa, Oliver J. Clark, Anupam Jana, Sandeep Kumar Chaluvadi, Pasquale Orgiani, Mario Cuoco, Mats Leandersson, Thiagarajan Balasubramanian, Thomas Olsen, Younghun Hwang, Matthieu Jamet, Federico Mazzola
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59266-4
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author Chiara Bigi
Cyriack Jego
Vincent Polewczyk
Alessandro De Vita
Thomas Jaouen
Hulerich C. Tchouekem
François Bertran
Patrick Le Fèvre
Pascal Turban
Jean-François Jacquot
Jill A. Miwa
Oliver J. Clark
Anupam Jana
Sandeep Kumar Chaluvadi
Pasquale Orgiani
Mario Cuoco
Mats Leandersson
Thiagarajan Balasubramanian
Thomas Olsen
Younghun Hwang
Matthieu Jamet
Federico Mazzola
author_facet Chiara Bigi
Cyriack Jego
Vincent Polewczyk
Alessandro De Vita
Thomas Jaouen
Hulerich C. Tchouekem
François Bertran
Patrick Le Fèvre
Pascal Turban
Jean-François Jacquot
Jill A. Miwa
Oliver J. Clark
Anupam Jana
Sandeep Kumar Chaluvadi
Pasquale Orgiani
Mario Cuoco
Mats Leandersson
Thiagarajan Balasubramanian
Thomas Olsen
Younghun Hwang
Matthieu Jamet
Federico Mazzola
author_sort Chiara Bigi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Systems with pronounced spin anisotropy are pivotal in advancing magnetization switching and spin-wave generation mechanisms that are fundamental to spintronic technologies. Quasi-van der Waals ferromagnets like Cr1+δ Te2 represent seminal materials in this field, renowned for their delicate balance between frustrated layered geometries and magnetism. Despite extensive investigation, the nature of their magnetic ground state and the mechanism of spin reorientation under external fields and varying temperatures remain contested. Here, we exploit complementary techniques to reveal a previously overlooked magnetic phase in Cr1+δ Te2 (δ = 0.25 − 0.50), which we term orthogonal-ferromagnetism. This phase consists of atomically sharp single layers of in-plane and out-of-plane maximally canted ferromagnetic blocks, which differs from the stacking of multiple heterostructural elements required for crossed magnetism. Contrary to earlier reports of gradual spin reorientation in CrTe2-based systems, we present evidence for abrupt spin-flop-like transitions. This discovery further highlights Cr1+δ Te2 compounds as promising candidates for spintronic and orbitronic applications, opening new pathways for device engineering.
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spelling doaj-art-cb5e29ebca584e7a9b0c1f9e67ff83f12025-08-20T02:25:13ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-05-011611810.1038/s41467-025-59266-4Bilayer orthogonal ferromagnetism in CrTe2-based van der Waals systemChiara Bigi0Cyriack Jego1Vincent Polewczyk2Alessandro De Vita3Thomas Jaouen4Hulerich C. Tchouekem5François Bertran6Patrick Le Fèvre7Pascal Turban8Jean-François Jacquot9Jill A. Miwa10Oliver J. Clark11Anupam Jana12Sandeep Kumar Chaluvadi13Pasquale Orgiani14Mario Cuoco15Mats Leandersson16Thiagarajan Balasubramanian17Thomas Olsen18Younghun Hwang19Matthieu Jamet20Federico Mazzola21Synchrotron SOLEILUniv. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SPINTECUniv. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SPINTECFritz Haber Institut der Max Planck GesellshaftUniv Rennes, IPR Institut de Physique de RennesUniv Rennes, IPR Institut de Physique de RennesSynchrotron SOLEILUniv Rennes, IPR Institut de Physique de RennesUniv Rennes, IPR Institut de Physique de RennesUniv. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SYMMESDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus UniversitySchool of Physics and Astronomy, Monash UniversityCNR-IOM Istituto Officina dei MaterialiCNR-IOM Istituto Officina dei MaterialiCNR-IOM Istituto Officina dei MaterialiCNR-SPIN, c/o Universitá di SalernoMAX IV Laboratory, Lund UniversityMAX IV Laboratory, Lund UniversityCAMD, Computational Atomic-Scale Materials Design, Department of Physics, Technical University of DenmarkElectricity and Electronics and Semiconductor Applications, Ulsan CollegeUniv. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SPINTECDepartment of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca Foscari University of VeniceAbstract Systems with pronounced spin anisotropy are pivotal in advancing magnetization switching and spin-wave generation mechanisms that are fundamental to spintronic technologies. Quasi-van der Waals ferromagnets like Cr1+δ Te2 represent seminal materials in this field, renowned for their delicate balance between frustrated layered geometries and magnetism. Despite extensive investigation, the nature of their magnetic ground state and the mechanism of spin reorientation under external fields and varying temperatures remain contested. Here, we exploit complementary techniques to reveal a previously overlooked magnetic phase in Cr1+δ Te2 (δ = 0.25 − 0.50), which we term orthogonal-ferromagnetism. This phase consists of atomically sharp single layers of in-plane and out-of-plane maximally canted ferromagnetic blocks, which differs from the stacking of multiple heterostructural elements required for crossed magnetism. Contrary to earlier reports of gradual spin reorientation in CrTe2-based systems, we present evidence for abrupt spin-flop-like transitions. This discovery further highlights Cr1+δ Te2 compounds as promising candidates for spintronic and orbitronic applications, opening new pathways for device engineering.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59266-4
spellingShingle Chiara Bigi
Cyriack Jego
Vincent Polewczyk
Alessandro De Vita
Thomas Jaouen
Hulerich C. Tchouekem
François Bertran
Patrick Le Fèvre
Pascal Turban
Jean-François Jacquot
Jill A. Miwa
Oliver J. Clark
Anupam Jana
Sandeep Kumar Chaluvadi
Pasquale Orgiani
Mario Cuoco
Mats Leandersson
Thiagarajan Balasubramanian
Thomas Olsen
Younghun Hwang
Matthieu Jamet
Federico Mazzola
Bilayer orthogonal ferromagnetism in CrTe2-based van der Waals system
Nature Communications
title Bilayer orthogonal ferromagnetism in CrTe2-based van der Waals system
title_full Bilayer orthogonal ferromagnetism in CrTe2-based van der Waals system
title_fullStr Bilayer orthogonal ferromagnetism in CrTe2-based van der Waals system
title_full_unstemmed Bilayer orthogonal ferromagnetism in CrTe2-based van der Waals system
title_short Bilayer orthogonal ferromagnetism in CrTe2-based van der Waals system
title_sort bilayer orthogonal ferromagnetism in crte2 based van der waals system
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59266-4
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