Phylogenetic Analysis of a Newcastle Disease Virus Strain Isolated from Domestic Poultry and Its Potential for Vaccine Development in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Background/Objectives: Despite the availability of Newcastle disease (ND) vaccines, outbreaks have continued to occur for more than six decades, with significant economic consequences for the global poultry industry. The variability of the Newcastle disease virus requires constant monitoring, detect...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/5/440 |
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| author | Nurlan Akmyrzayev Sholpan Ryskeldinova Aigerim Mailybayeva Yerken Kozhamkulov Aigerim Sagymbayeva Yeldos Myrzakhmetov Yerbol Burashev Nurlan Kozhabergenov Bekbolat Usserbayev Nurika Assanzhanova |
| author_facet | Nurlan Akmyrzayev Sholpan Ryskeldinova Aigerim Mailybayeva Yerken Kozhamkulov Aigerim Sagymbayeva Yeldos Myrzakhmetov Yerbol Burashev Nurlan Kozhabergenov Bekbolat Usserbayev Nurika Assanzhanova |
| author_sort | Nurlan Akmyrzayev |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background/Objectives: Despite the availability of Newcastle disease (ND) vaccines, outbreaks have continued to occur for more than six decades, with significant economic consequences for the global poultry industry. The variability of the Newcastle disease virus requires constant monitoring, detection of new cases, and studies of the origin of the pathogen. The aim of this study was to develop an inactivated ND vaccine using a topical strain with different adjuvants and to compare them for stability, harmlessness, immunogenicity, and efficacy. Methods: A phylogenetic study of the F-gene of the ND strain isolated in Kazakhstan was conducted. The strain, which was selected to create a vaccine for the prevention of the disease, was revealed to belong to genotype VII class II and uploaded to GenBank (NCBI). Two different adjuvants, Montanide ISA 70 VG and Montanide ISA 78 VG, were used to create the vaccine. Birds were vaccinated intramuscularly. Results: Evaluations of antibody titers in the vaccinated groups during the experiment showed that the vaccines induced adequate levels of antibodies to provide protection against the virulent virus. High antibody titers were observed in the hemagglutination inhibition assay (HAI) in the vaccinated groups as early as 14 days post-vaccination in 100% of birds. The average antibody titer in both vaccinated groups exceeded 7 log2, sufficient to prevent clinical signs. None of the vaccinated birds exhibited clinical signs following control infection, whereas unvaccinated birds developed clinical manifestations within three days post-infection, leading to 100% mortality. Conclusions: The vaccine developed using the epizootic topical strain is stable, harmless, immunogenic, and effective when challenged with a virulent ND virus strain at a dose of 105 EID<sub>50/mL</sub>. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cb47dabc01184c628ef562ee7b784d5c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj-art-cb47dabc01184c628ef562ee7b784d5c2025-08-20T03:48:02ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2025-04-0113544010.3390/vaccines13050440Phylogenetic Analysis of a Newcastle Disease Virus Strain Isolated from Domestic Poultry and Its Potential for Vaccine Development in the Republic of KazakhstanNurlan Akmyrzayev0Sholpan Ryskeldinova1Aigerim Mailybayeva2Yerken Kozhamkulov3Aigerim Sagymbayeva4Yeldos Myrzakhmetov5Yerbol Burashev6Nurlan Kozhabergenov7Bekbolat Usserbayev8Nurika Assanzhanova9Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, National Holding “QazBioPharm”, Gvardeiskiy 080409, KazakhstanResearch Institute for Biological Safety Problems, National Holding “QazBioPharm”, Gvardeiskiy 080409, KazakhstanResearch Institute for Biological Safety Problems, National Holding “QazBioPharm”, Gvardeiskiy 080409, KazakhstanResearch Institute for Biological Safety Problems, National Holding “QazBioPharm”, Gvardeiskiy 080409, KazakhstanResearch Institute for Biological Safety Problems, National Holding “QazBioPharm”, Gvardeiskiy 080409, KazakhstanResearch Institute for Biological Safety Problems, National Holding “QazBioPharm”, Gvardeiskiy 080409, KazakhstanResearch Institute for Biological Safety Problems, National Holding “QazBioPharm”, Gvardeiskiy 080409, KazakhstanResearch Institute for Biological Safety Problems, National Holding “QazBioPharm”, Gvardeiskiy 080409, KazakhstanResearch Institute for Biological Safety Problems, National Holding “QazBioPharm”, Gvardeiskiy 080409, KazakhstanResearch Institute for Biological Safety Problems, National Holding “QazBioPharm”, Gvardeiskiy 080409, KazakhstanBackground/Objectives: Despite the availability of Newcastle disease (ND) vaccines, outbreaks have continued to occur for more than six decades, with significant economic consequences for the global poultry industry. The variability of the Newcastle disease virus requires constant monitoring, detection of new cases, and studies of the origin of the pathogen. The aim of this study was to develop an inactivated ND vaccine using a topical strain with different adjuvants and to compare them for stability, harmlessness, immunogenicity, and efficacy. Methods: A phylogenetic study of the F-gene of the ND strain isolated in Kazakhstan was conducted. The strain, which was selected to create a vaccine for the prevention of the disease, was revealed to belong to genotype VII class II and uploaded to GenBank (NCBI). Two different adjuvants, Montanide ISA 70 VG and Montanide ISA 78 VG, were used to create the vaccine. Birds were vaccinated intramuscularly. Results: Evaluations of antibody titers in the vaccinated groups during the experiment showed that the vaccines induced adequate levels of antibodies to provide protection against the virulent virus. High antibody titers were observed in the hemagglutination inhibition assay (HAI) in the vaccinated groups as early as 14 days post-vaccination in 100% of birds. The average antibody titer in both vaccinated groups exceeded 7 log2, sufficient to prevent clinical signs. None of the vaccinated birds exhibited clinical signs following control infection, whereas unvaccinated birds developed clinical manifestations within three days post-infection, leading to 100% mortality. Conclusions: The vaccine developed using the epizootic topical strain is stable, harmless, immunogenic, and effective when challenged with a virulent ND virus strain at a dose of 105 EID<sub>50/mL</sub>.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/5/440Newcastle diseasesequencingphylogenetic analysisgenotypevaccinestability |
| spellingShingle | Nurlan Akmyrzayev Sholpan Ryskeldinova Aigerim Mailybayeva Yerken Kozhamkulov Aigerim Sagymbayeva Yeldos Myrzakhmetov Yerbol Burashev Nurlan Kozhabergenov Bekbolat Usserbayev Nurika Assanzhanova Phylogenetic Analysis of a Newcastle Disease Virus Strain Isolated from Domestic Poultry and Its Potential for Vaccine Development in the Republic of Kazakhstan Vaccines Newcastle disease sequencing phylogenetic analysis genotype vaccine stability |
| title | Phylogenetic Analysis of a Newcastle Disease Virus Strain Isolated from Domestic Poultry and Its Potential for Vaccine Development in the Republic of Kazakhstan |
| title_full | Phylogenetic Analysis of a Newcastle Disease Virus Strain Isolated from Domestic Poultry and Its Potential for Vaccine Development in the Republic of Kazakhstan |
| title_fullStr | Phylogenetic Analysis of a Newcastle Disease Virus Strain Isolated from Domestic Poultry and Its Potential for Vaccine Development in the Republic of Kazakhstan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phylogenetic Analysis of a Newcastle Disease Virus Strain Isolated from Domestic Poultry and Its Potential for Vaccine Development in the Republic of Kazakhstan |
| title_short | Phylogenetic Analysis of a Newcastle Disease Virus Strain Isolated from Domestic Poultry and Its Potential for Vaccine Development in the Republic of Kazakhstan |
| title_sort | phylogenetic analysis of a newcastle disease virus strain isolated from domestic poultry and its potential for vaccine development in the republic of kazakhstan |
| topic | Newcastle disease sequencing phylogenetic analysis genotype vaccine stability |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/5/440 |
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