Cytotoxicity of PLGA-zinc oxide nanocomposite on human gingival fibroblasts

Background. Polylactic-co-glycolic acid and zinc oxide (PLGA-ZnO) nanocomposite has been investigated for its antibacterial properties, which could be beneficial for adding to wound dressings after periodontal surgery. However, its cytotoxicity against human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) remains uncle...

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Main Authors: Asieh Mozaffari, Samira Mohammad Mirzapour, Motahare Sharifi Rad, Mehdi Ranjbaran
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Tabriz University of Medical Sciences 2023-06-01
Series:Journal of Advanced Periodontology and Implant Dentistry
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Online Access:https://japid.tbzmed.ac.ir/PDF/japid-15-28.pdf
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author Asieh Mozaffari
Samira Mohammad Mirzapour
Motahare Sharifi Rad
Mehdi Ranjbaran
author_facet Asieh Mozaffari
Samira Mohammad Mirzapour
Motahare Sharifi Rad
Mehdi Ranjbaran
author_sort Asieh Mozaffari
collection DOAJ
description Background. Polylactic-co-glycolic acid and zinc oxide (PLGA-ZnO) nanocomposite has been investigated for its antibacterial properties, which could be beneficial for adding to wound dressings after periodontal surgery. However, its cytotoxicity against human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) remains unclear and should be evaluated. Methods. ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using the hydrothermal method. These metallic nanoparticles were incorporated into the PLGA matrix by the solvent/non-solvent process. The nanomaterial was evaluated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. HGF cells were acquired from the National Cell Bank and categorized into four groups: ZnO, PLGA, ZnO-PLGA, and control. The cells were exposed to different ZnO (1, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 µg/mL) and PLGA (0.2, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 µg/mL) concentrations for 24 and 48 hours. The cytotoxicity was tested using the MTT assay. The data were analyzed using SPSS 25, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. ZnO nanoparticles exhibited significant toxicity at≥40 µg/mL concentrations after 24 hours. Cell viability decreased significantly at all the tested concentrations after 48 hours of exposure. PLGA-ZnO cell viability in 24 hours was similar to the control group for all the concentrations up to 80 µg/mL. Conclusion. ZnO nanoparticles could be toxic against HGF in high concentrations and with prolonged exposure. Therefore, incorporating ZnO nanoparticles into a biocompatible polymer such as PLGA could be a beneficial strategy for reducing their toxicity.
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spelling doaj-art-cb42e8bd5be64f1d9e72d792734b088b2025-08-20T02:38:26ZengTabriz University of Medical SciencesJournal of Advanced Periodontology and Implant Dentistry2645-53902023-06-01151283410.34172/japid.2023.010japid-3319Cytotoxicity of PLGA-zinc oxide nanocomposite on human gingival fibroblastsAsieh Mozaffari0Samira Mohammad Mirzapour1Motahare Sharifi Rad2Mehdi Ranjbaran3Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, IranDepartment of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranDepartment of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, IranMetabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, IranBackground. Polylactic-co-glycolic acid and zinc oxide (PLGA-ZnO) nanocomposite has been investigated for its antibacterial properties, which could be beneficial for adding to wound dressings after periodontal surgery. However, its cytotoxicity against human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) remains unclear and should be evaluated. Methods. ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using the hydrothermal method. These metallic nanoparticles were incorporated into the PLGA matrix by the solvent/non-solvent process. The nanomaterial was evaluated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. HGF cells were acquired from the National Cell Bank and categorized into four groups: ZnO, PLGA, ZnO-PLGA, and control. The cells were exposed to different ZnO (1, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 µg/mL) and PLGA (0.2, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 µg/mL) concentrations for 24 and 48 hours. The cytotoxicity was tested using the MTT assay. The data were analyzed using SPSS 25, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. ZnO nanoparticles exhibited significant toxicity at≥40 µg/mL concentrations after 24 hours. Cell viability decreased significantly at all the tested concentrations after 48 hours of exposure. PLGA-ZnO cell viability in 24 hours was similar to the control group for all the concentrations up to 80 µg/mL. Conclusion. ZnO nanoparticles could be toxic against HGF in high concentrations and with prolonged exposure. Therefore, incorporating ZnO nanoparticles into a biocompatible polymer such as PLGA could be a beneficial strategy for reducing their toxicity.https://japid.tbzmed.ac.ir/PDF/japid-15-28.pdfcell survivalfibroblastsnanoparticlespolylactic acid‒polyglycolic acid copolymerzinc oxide
spellingShingle Asieh Mozaffari
Samira Mohammad Mirzapour
Motahare Sharifi Rad
Mehdi Ranjbaran
Cytotoxicity of PLGA-zinc oxide nanocomposite on human gingival fibroblasts
Journal of Advanced Periodontology and Implant Dentistry
cell survival
fibroblasts
nanoparticles
polylactic acid‒polyglycolic acid copolymer
zinc oxide
title Cytotoxicity of PLGA-zinc oxide nanocomposite on human gingival fibroblasts
title_full Cytotoxicity of PLGA-zinc oxide nanocomposite on human gingival fibroblasts
title_fullStr Cytotoxicity of PLGA-zinc oxide nanocomposite on human gingival fibroblasts
title_full_unstemmed Cytotoxicity of PLGA-zinc oxide nanocomposite on human gingival fibroblasts
title_short Cytotoxicity of PLGA-zinc oxide nanocomposite on human gingival fibroblasts
title_sort cytotoxicity of plga zinc oxide nanocomposite on human gingival fibroblasts
topic cell survival
fibroblasts
nanoparticles
polylactic acid‒polyglycolic acid copolymer
zinc oxide
url https://japid.tbzmed.ac.ir/PDF/japid-15-28.pdf
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AT samiramohammadmirzapour cytotoxicityofplgazincoxidenanocompositeonhumangingivalfibroblasts
AT motaharesharifirad cytotoxicityofplgazincoxidenanocompositeonhumangingivalfibroblasts
AT mehdiranjbaran cytotoxicityofplgazincoxidenanocompositeonhumangingivalfibroblasts