Integration of the fluorescence based portable device with the AI tools for the real-time monitoring of oral mucosal lesions

Abstract There is a need for non-invasive, sensitive, real-time, and user-friendly optical devices integrated with artificial intelligence (AI) based tools for the detection of oral mucosal lesions at early stage. Research on the development of optical devices has been executed by several research g...

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Main Authors: Pavan Kumar, Shashikant Rathod
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-03-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94676-w
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author Pavan Kumar
Shashikant Rathod
author_facet Pavan Kumar
Shashikant Rathod
author_sort Pavan Kumar
collection DOAJ
description Abstract There is a need for non-invasive, sensitive, real-time, and user-friendly optical devices integrated with artificial intelligence (AI) based tools for the detection of oral mucosal lesions at early stage. Research on the development of optical devices has been executed by several research groups for the cancer detection and it is still being continued. We have also contributed towards it by developing a steady- state fluorescence-based portable device. The in-house developed device is equipped with 405 nm laser diode, UV visible spectrometer, optical components, and other accessories. Laser light irradiated on the oral cavity of diseased (cancerous) and non-diseased (normal) groups, excites the two endogenous fluorophores namely FAD and porphyrin. We observed an enhancement in the porphyrin fluorescence of cancerous patients (OSCC and Dysplasia) than the normal group. Data analysis carried out by AI tools i.e., Naïve Bayes, LDA, and QDA showed slightly higher accuracy for QDA. QDA was able to discriminate among Normal to OSCC, Normal to Dysplasia, and Dysplasia to OSCC with accuracies of 95.34%, 100%, and 97.43% respectively.
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spelling doaj-art-cb3eed4047054038bb81ed385cfd7ee12025-08-20T03:40:44ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-03-011511910.1038/s41598-025-94676-wIntegration of the fluorescence based portable device with the AI tools for the real-time monitoring of oral mucosal lesionsPavan Kumar0Shashikant Rathod1Faculty of Engineering and Technology (FEAT), Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DMIHER)Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, COEP Technological UniversityAbstract There is a need for non-invasive, sensitive, real-time, and user-friendly optical devices integrated with artificial intelligence (AI) based tools for the detection of oral mucosal lesions at early stage. Research on the development of optical devices has been executed by several research groups for the cancer detection and it is still being continued. We have also contributed towards it by developing a steady- state fluorescence-based portable device. The in-house developed device is equipped with 405 nm laser diode, UV visible spectrometer, optical components, and other accessories. Laser light irradiated on the oral cavity of diseased (cancerous) and non-diseased (normal) groups, excites the two endogenous fluorophores namely FAD and porphyrin. We observed an enhancement in the porphyrin fluorescence of cancerous patients (OSCC and Dysplasia) than the normal group. Data analysis carried out by AI tools i.e., Naïve Bayes, LDA, and QDA showed slightly higher accuracy for QDA. QDA was able to discriminate among Normal to OSCC, Normal to Dysplasia, and Dysplasia to OSCC with accuracies of 95.34%, 100%, and 97.43% respectively.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94676-wOral mucosal lesionsFluorescence spectroscopyPorphyrinAI tools
spellingShingle Pavan Kumar
Shashikant Rathod
Integration of the fluorescence based portable device with the AI tools for the real-time monitoring of oral mucosal lesions
Scientific Reports
Oral mucosal lesions
Fluorescence spectroscopy
Porphyrin
AI tools
title Integration of the fluorescence based portable device with the AI tools for the real-time monitoring of oral mucosal lesions
title_full Integration of the fluorescence based portable device with the AI tools for the real-time monitoring of oral mucosal lesions
title_fullStr Integration of the fluorescence based portable device with the AI tools for the real-time monitoring of oral mucosal lesions
title_full_unstemmed Integration of the fluorescence based portable device with the AI tools for the real-time monitoring of oral mucosal lesions
title_short Integration of the fluorescence based portable device with the AI tools for the real-time monitoring of oral mucosal lesions
title_sort integration of the fluorescence based portable device with the ai tools for the real time monitoring of oral mucosal lesions
topic Oral mucosal lesions
Fluorescence spectroscopy
Porphyrin
AI tools
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94676-w
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