COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose Fails to Enhance Antibody Response to Omicron Variant in Reinfected Healthcare Workers
The emergence of new variants and diverse vaccination regimens have raised uncertainty about vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2. This study aims to investigate the impact of Omicron primo-/reinfection and primary vaccination schedules on the immunogenicity of an mRNA-based booster dose over a...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/1/78 |
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| author | Leire Fernández-Ciriza Álvaro González José Luis del Pozo Alejandro Fernandez-Montero Francisco Carmona-Torre Paula Martínez de Aguirre María del Mar Sarasa Silvia Carlos Gabriel Reina |
| author_facet | Leire Fernández-Ciriza Álvaro González José Luis del Pozo Alejandro Fernandez-Montero Francisco Carmona-Torre Paula Martínez de Aguirre María del Mar Sarasa Silvia Carlos Gabriel Reina |
| author_sort | Leire Fernández-Ciriza |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The emergence of new variants and diverse vaccination regimens have raised uncertainty about vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2. This study aims to investigate the impact of Omicron primo-/reinfection and primary vaccination schedules on the immunogenicity of an mRNA-based booster dose over a six-month period. We conducted a prospective cohort study to assess the durability and level of antibodies of 678 healthcare workers fully vaccinated against COVID-19. They were categorized based on their primary vaccination regimen. Blood samples were collected before the booster dose and 1 and 6 months after. Significant Anti-S-RBD differences were found between previously infected and naïve volunteers (<i>p</i> = 0.01). Considering the initial vaccine schedules, mRNA-based vaccines displayed significant higher antibody production and longer persistence among both infected and naïve participants. After the booster dose, participants primoinfected with the Omicron variant exhibited higher antibody concentrations than those who experienced reinfection, even after 6 months of follow-up (22,545 and 9460 U/mL, respectively). Moreover, these groups showed the most pronounced disparity in antibody titers ratios between infected and uninfected individuals. Overall, the booster dose failed to enhance humoral response in individuals reinfected with the Omicron variant after receiving it. Hybrid immunity and mRNA-based vaccine initial schedules showed higher levels and longer persistence of antibodies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cb3e99382e974e5f92675334102eb6d6 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj-art-cb3e99382e974e5f92675334102eb6d62025-01-24T13:52:30ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152025-01-011717810.3390/v17010078COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose Fails to Enhance Antibody Response to Omicron Variant in Reinfected Healthcare WorkersLeire Fernández-Ciriza0Álvaro González1José Luis del Pozo2Alejandro Fernandez-Montero3Francisco Carmona-Torre4Paula Martínez de Aguirre5María del Mar Sarasa6Silvia Carlos7Gabriel Reina8Department of Microbiology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, SpainDepartment of Biochemistry, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, SpainDepartment of Microbiology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, SpainNavarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, SpainNavarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, SpainDepartment of Microbiology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, SpainDepartment of Microbiology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, SpainNavarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, SpainDepartment of Microbiology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, SpainThe emergence of new variants and diverse vaccination regimens have raised uncertainty about vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2. This study aims to investigate the impact of Omicron primo-/reinfection and primary vaccination schedules on the immunogenicity of an mRNA-based booster dose over a six-month period. We conducted a prospective cohort study to assess the durability and level of antibodies of 678 healthcare workers fully vaccinated against COVID-19. They were categorized based on their primary vaccination regimen. Blood samples were collected before the booster dose and 1 and 6 months after. Significant Anti-S-RBD differences were found between previously infected and naïve volunteers (<i>p</i> = 0.01). Considering the initial vaccine schedules, mRNA-based vaccines displayed significant higher antibody production and longer persistence among both infected and naïve participants. After the booster dose, participants primoinfected with the Omicron variant exhibited higher antibody concentrations than those who experienced reinfection, even after 6 months of follow-up (22,545 and 9460 U/mL, respectively). Moreover, these groups showed the most pronounced disparity in antibody titers ratios between infected and uninfected individuals. Overall, the booster dose failed to enhance humoral response in individuals reinfected with the Omicron variant after receiving it. Hybrid immunity and mRNA-based vaccine initial schedules showed higher levels and longer persistence of antibodies.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/1/78boosterCOVID-19immunogenicitymRNA vaccineOmicronreinfection |
| spellingShingle | Leire Fernández-Ciriza Álvaro González José Luis del Pozo Alejandro Fernandez-Montero Francisco Carmona-Torre Paula Martínez de Aguirre María del Mar Sarasa Silvia Carlos Gabriel Reina COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose Fails to Enhance Antibody Response to Omicron Variant in Reinfected Healthcare Workers Viruses booster COVID-19 immunogenicity mRNA vaccine Omicron reinfection |
| title | COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose Fails to Enhance Antibody Response to Omicron Variant in Reinfected Healthcare Workers |
| title_full | COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose Fails to Enhance Antibody Response to Omicron Variant in Reinfected Healthcare Workers |
| title_fullStr | COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose Fails to Enhance Antibody Response to Omicron Variant in Reinfected Healthcare Workers |
| title_full_unstemmed | COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose Fails to Enhance Antibody Response to Omicron Variant in Reinfected Healthcare Workers |
| title_short | COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose Fails to Enhance Antibody Response to Omicron Variant in Reinfected Healthcare Workers |
| title_sort | covid 19 vaccine booster dose fails to enhance antibody response to omicron variant in reinfected healthcare workers |
| topic | booster COVID-19 immunogenicity mRNA vaccine Omicron reinfection |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/1/78 |
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