Research on an Intelligent Prediction Method for the Carbon Emissions of Prefabricated Buildings During the Construction Stage, Based on Modular Quantification

Prefabricated buildings are widely utilized due to their effectiveness in reducing carbon emissions. The construction stage has a significantly higher carbon emission rate than the other stages of their life cycle, but this is difficult to accurately quantify and predict due to the high variability....

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Main Authors: Yang Yang, Xiaodong Cai, Xinlong Ma, Gang Yao, Ting Lei, Hongbo Tan, Ying Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Buildings
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/12/1997
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author Yang Yang
Xiaodong Cai
Xinlong Ma
Gang Yao
Ting Lei
Hongbo Tan
Ying Wang
author_facet Yang Yang
Xiaodong Cai
Xinlong Ma
Gang Yao
Ting Lei
Hongbo Tan
Ying Wang
author_sort Yang Yang
collection DOAJ
description Prefabricated buildings are widely utilized due to their effectiveness in reducing carbon emissions. The construction stage has a significantly higher carbon emission rate than the other stages of their life cycle, but this is difficult to accurately quantify and predict due to the high variability. This study clarifies the system boundary of carbon emissions and the parameters of influence in carbon emissions predictions. The carbon emission quantification model was improved by using the process analysis method and the carbon emission factor method, and a modular calculation formula was proposed. Based on the machine learning algorithm, a carbon emissions prediction model for prefabricated buildings’ construction stage was established and hyperparameter optimization was conducted. A sample database for predicting prefabricated buildings’ carbon emissions during the construction stage was established using a modular quantification method, and the thin plate spline interpolation algorithm was introduced to expand this. The prediction results of carbon emission prediction models using four algorithms, SVR, BPNN, ELM, and RF, were compared and analyzed by RMSE and R<sup>2</sup>. The results show that the model based on BPNN has the highest prediction accuracy when determining the carbon emissions of prefabricated building during the construction stage, and this method can provide a more accurate reference for subsequent quantitative research on carbon emissions from prefabricated buildings.
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spelling doaj-art-cb306558c4544c2ca475210e64e997a02025-08-20T02:24:42ZengMDPI AGBuildings2075-53092025-06-011512199710.3390/buildings15121997Research on an Intelligent Prediction Method for the Carbon Emissions of Prefabricated Buildings During the Construction Stage, Based on Modular QuantificationYang Yang0Xiaodong Cai1Xinlong Ma2Gang Yao3Ting Lei4Hongbo Tan5Ying Wang6Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, ChinaCentral & Southern China Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401122, ChinaKey Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, ChinaChongqing Railway Group, Chongqing 400045, ChinaInternational Educational Exchange Center, Tangshan University, Tangshan 063002, ChinaPrefabricated buildings are widely utilized due to their effectiveness in reducing carbon emissions. The construction stage has a significantly higher carbon emission rate than the other stages of their life cycle, but this is difficult to accurately quantify and predict due to the high variability. This study clarifies the system boundary of carbon emissions and the parameters of influence in carbon emissions predictions. The carbon emission quantification model was improved by using the process analysis method and the carbon emission factor method, and a modular calculation formula was proposed. Based on the machine learning algorithm, a carbon emissions prediction model for prefabricated buildings’ construction stage was established and hyperparameter optimization was conducted. A sample database for predicting prefabricated buildings’ carbon emissions during the construction stage was established using a modular quantification method, and the thin plate spline interpolation algorithm was introduced to expand this. The prediction results of carbon emission prediction models using four algorithms, SVR, BPNN, ELM, and RF, were compared and analyzed by RMSE and R<sup>2</sup>. The results show that the model based on BPNN has the highest prediction accuracy when determining the carbon emissions of prefabricated building during the construction stage, and this method can provide a more accurate reference for subsequent quantitative research on carbon emissions from prefabricated buildings.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/12/1997carbon emission predictionmachine learningprocess analysis methodfabricated buildingcarbon emission in the prefabricated building construction stage
spellingShingle Yang Yang
Xiaodong Cai
Xinlong Ma
Gang Yao
Ting Lei
Hongbo Tan
Ying Wang
Research on an Intelligent Prediction Method for the Carbon Emissions of Prefabricated Buildings During the Construction Stage, Based on Modular Quantification
Buildings
carbon emission prediction
machine learning
process analysis method
fabricated building
carbon emission in the prefabricated building construction stage
title Research on an Intelligent Prediction Method for the Carbon Emissions of Prefabricated Buildings During the Construction Stage, Based on Modular Quantification
title_full Research on an Intelligent Prediction Method for the Carbon Emissions of Prefabricated Buildings During the Construction Stage, Based on Modular Quantification
title_fullStr Research on an Intelligent Prediction Method for the Carbon Emissions of Prefabricated Buildings During the Construction Stage, Based on Modular Quantification
title_full_unstemmed Research on an Intelligent Prediction Method for the Carbon Emissions of Prefabricated Buildings During the Construction Stage, Based on Modular Quantification
title_short Research on an Intelligent Prediction Method for the Carbon Emissions of Prefabricated Buildings During the Construction Stage, Based on Modular Quantification
title_sort research on an intelligent prediction method for the carbon emissions of prefabricated buildings during the construction stage based on modular quantification
topic carbon emission prediction
machine learning
process analysis method
fabricated building
carbon emission in the prefabricated building construction stage
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/12/1997
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