Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoenzyme Seed Soaking Enhanced Salt Tolerance in Soybean Through Modulating Homeostasis of Reactive Oxygen Species and ATPase Activities
Soybean, an important cash crop, is often affected by soil salinity, which is one of the important types of abiotic stress that affects its growth. Poly (acrylic) acid coated Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (PMO) has been reported to play a vital role in defending against a varie...
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2024-10-01
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| author | Tingyong Mao Linfeng Bao Hengbin Zhang Zhilin Shi Jiahao Liu Desheng Wang Chan Liu Yong Zhan Yunlong Zhai |
| author_facet | Tingyong Mao Linfeng Bao Hengbin Zhang Zhilin Shi Jiahao Liu Desheng Wang Chan Liu Yong Zhan Yunlong Zhai |
| author_sort | Tingyong Mao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Soybean, an important cash crop, is often affected by soil salinity, which is one of the important types of abiotic stress that affects its growth. Poly (acrylic) acid coated Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (PMO) has been reported to play a vital role in defending against a variety of abiotic stresses in plants. To date, the effects of PMOs on soybean have not been reported; this study explored the mechanism of PMO-enhanced soybean germination under salt stress. In this experiment, 100 mg/L PMO was used as an immersion agent with a salt treatment of 150 mM NaCl. The results showed that when compared with the PMO treatment, salt stress significantly decreased the germination rate, fresh weight, carbohydrate content, and antioxidant enzyme activity of soybean and significantly increased the contents of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and osmoregulatory substances. However, PMO treatment enhanced the antioxidant defense system and significantly reduced the malondialdehyde content of soybean. Moreover, the activities of H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase and Ca<sup>2+</sup>-ATPase were significantly higher in treated soybean than in the control, and the content of ATP was also higher in treated soybean than in the control. Generally, PMO regulates the homeostasis of reactive oxygen species and reduces ATP consumption, thereby improving the ability of soybeans to germinate under salt stress. This study provides new insights into how nanomaterials improve plant salt tolerance. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cb2e6be746e047c1a74e2504cdbbd1fc |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj-art-cb2e6be746e047c1a74e2504cdbbd1fc2025-08-20T02:14:16ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472024-10-011321301110.3390/plants13213011Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoenzyme Seed Soaking Enhanced Salt Tolerance in Soybean Through Modulating Homeostasis of Reactive Oxygen Species and ATPase ActivitiesTingyong Mao0Linfeng Bao1Hengbin Zhang2Zhilin Shi3Jiahao Liu4Desheng Wang5Chan Liu6Yong Zhan7Yunlong Zhai8College of Agriculture, Tarim University, Alar 843300, ChinaCollege of Agriculture, Tarim University, Alar 843300, ChinaCrops Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi 832000, ChinaCollege of Agriculture, Tarim University, Alar 843300, ChinaCollege of Agriculture, Tarim University, Alar 843300, ChinaCollege of Agriculture, Tarim University, Alar 843300, ChinaCollege of Agriculture, Tarim University, Alar 843300, ChinaCrops Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi 832000, ChinaCollege of Agriculture, Tarim University, Alar 843300, ChinaSoybean, an important cash crop, is often affected by soil salinity, which is one of the important types of abiotic stress that affects its growth. Poly (acrylic) acid coated Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (PMO) has been reported to play a vital role in defending against a variety of abiotic stresses in plants. To date, the effects of PMOs on soybean have not been reported; this study explored the mechanism of PMO-enhanced soybean germination under salt stress. In this experiment, 100 mg/L PMO was used as an immersion agent with a salt treatment of 150 mM NaCl. The results showed that when compared with the PMO treatment, salt stress significantly decreased the germination rate, fresh weight, carbohydrate content, and antioxidant enzyme activity of soybean and significantly increased the contents of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and osmoregulatory substances. However, PMO treatment enhanced the antioxidant defense system and significantly reduced the malondialdehyde content of soybean. Moreover, the activities of H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase and Ca<sup>2+</sup>-ATPase were significantly higher in treated soybean than in the control, and the content of ATP was also higher in treated soybean than in the control. Generally, PMO regulates the homeostasis of reactive oxygen species and reduces ATP consumption, thereby improving the ability of soybeans to germinate under salt stress. This study provides new insights into how nanomaterials improve plant salt tolerance.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/21/3011adenosine triphosphatesoybeanreactive oxygen species homeostasisnano-enabled agriculturesalinity stressMn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles |
| spellingShingle | Tingyong Mao Linfeng Bao Hengbin Zhang Zhilin Shi Jiahao Liu Desheng Wang Chan Liu Yong Zhan Yunlong Zhai Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoenzyme Seed Soaking Enhanced Salt Tolerance in Soybean Through Modulating Homeostasis of Reactive Oxygen Species and ATPase Activities Plants adenosine triphosphate soybean reactive oxygen species homeostasis nano-enabled agriculture salinity stress Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles |
| title | Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoenzyme Seed Soaking Enhanced Salt Tolerance in Soybean Through Modulating Homeostasis of Reactive Oxygen Species and ATPase Activities |
| title_full | Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoenzyme Seed Soaking Enhanced Salt Tolerance in Soybean Through Modulating Homeostasis of Reactive Oxygen Species and ATPase Activities |
| title_fullStr | Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoenzyme Seed Soaking Enhanced Salt Tolerance in Soybean Through Modulating Homeostasis of Reactive Oxygen Species and ATPase Activities |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoenzyme Seed Soaking Enhanced Salt Tolerance in Soybean Through Modulating Homeostasis of Reactive Oxygen Species and ATPase Activities |
| title_short | Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoenzyme Seed Soaking Enhanced Salt Tolerance in Soybean Through Modulating Homeostasis of Reactive Oxygen Species and ATPase Activities |
| title_sort | mn sub 3 sub o sub 4 sub nanoenzyme seed soaking enhanced salt tolerance in soybean through modulating homeostasis of reactive oxygen species and atpase activities |
| topic | adenosine triphosphate soybean reactive oxygen species homeostasis nano-enabled agriculture salinity stress Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/21/3011 |
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