Determinants of community-acquired pneumonia among under-five children in Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia

BackgroundGlobally, community-acquired pneumonia is the leading cause of death in under-five children, accounting for 7.6 million deaths. Among these deaths, approximately 99% occur in low and middle-income countries. The present study aimed to assess the magnitude of community-acquired pneumonia an...

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Main Authors: Nigussie Adam Birhan, Alene Yirsaw Workineh, Zelalem Meraf Wolde, Emebiet Abich, Gedif Mulat Alemayehu, Atalaye Nigussie, Yenew Alemu, Chalachew Alemie Messfin, Denekew Bitew Belay
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Public Health
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1511263/full
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author Nigussie Adam Birhan
Alene Yirsaw Workineh
Zelalem Meraf Wolde
Emebiet Abich
Gedif Mulat Alemayehu
Atalaye Nigussie
Yenew Alemu
Chalachew Alemie Messfin
Denekew Bitew Belay
Denekew Bitew Belay
author_facet Nigussie Adam Birhan
Alene Yirsaw Workineh
Zelalem Meraf Wolde
Emebiet Abich
Gedif Mulat Alemayehu
Atalaye Nigussie
Yenew Alemu
Chalachew Alemie Messfin
Denekew Bitew Belay
Denekew Bitew Belay
author_sort Nigussie Adam Birhan
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundGlobally, community-acquired pneumonia is the leading cause of death in under-five children, accounting for 7.6 million deaths. Among these deaths, approximately 99% occur in low and middle-income countries. The present study aimed to assess the magnitude of community-acquired pneumonia and its associated factors among under-five children in Awi Zone.MethodsA community cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,368 participants from March to July 2023. A multistage sampling method was used. Data were entered into Epi-Data and exported to STATA for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions were used. Variables with a p-value of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsThe percentage of community-acquired pneumonia among under-five children was 11.33% (95% CI: 9.75–13.12%). Primary education [AOR = 0.38; 95% CI:0.15, 0.95], stunting [AOR = 4.80; 95% CI: 2.31, 9.94], diarrhea [AOR = 3.75; 95% CI: 1.96, 7.18], acute lower respiratory tract infection [AOR = 14.57, 95% CI: 3.18, 66.78], acute upper respiratory tract infection [AOR = 9.06; 95% CI: 2.03, 40.42], and presence of separate kitchen [AOR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.20, 0.72] were associated with community-acquired pneumonia.ConclusionIn this study, the percentage of community-acquired pneumonia was relatively high. Hence, we recommend adequate health education in areas such as nutritional intervention, the prevention and early treatment of diarrhea and acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI), and preventing indoor air pollution to reduce the risk of community-acquired pneumonia.
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spelling doaj-art-cb268309505044d58e025fb1bfa6a57f2025-08-20T03:14:01ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652025-05-011310.3389/fpubh.2025.15112631511263Determinants of community-acquired pneumonia among under-five children in Awi Zone, Northwest EthiopiaNigussie Adam Birhan0Alene Yirsaw Workineh1Zelalem Meraf Wolde2Emebiet Abich3Gedif Mulat Alemayehu4Atalaye Nigussie5Yenew Alemu6Chalachew Alemie Messfin7Denekew Bitew Belay8Denekew Bitew Belay9Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Injibara University, Injibara, EthiopiaInjibara General Hospital, Injibara, EthiopiaDepartment of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Injibara University, Injibara, EthiopiaDepartment of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Injibara University, Injibara, EthiopiaDepartment of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Injibara University, Injibara, EthiopiaDepartment of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Injibara University, Injibara, EthiopiaDepartment of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Injibara University, Injibara, EthiopiaOne Acre Fund, Bahir Dar, EthiopiaDepartment of Statistics, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, EthiopiaDepartment of Statistics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South AfricaBackgroundGlobally, community-acquired pneumonia is the leading cause of death in under-five children, accounting for 7.6 million deaths. Among these deaths, approximately 99% occur in low and middle-income countries. The present study aimed to assess the magnitude of community-acquired pneumonia and its associated factors among under-five children in Awi Zone.MethodsA community cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,368 participants from March to July 2023. A multistage sampling method was used. Data were entered into Epi-Data and exported to STATA for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions were used. Variables with a p-value of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsThe percentage of community-acquired pneumonia among under-five children was 11.33% (95% CI: 9.75–13.12%). Primary education [AOR = 0.38; 95% CI:0.15, 0.95], stunting [AOR = 4.80; 95% CI: 2.31, 9.94], diarrhea [AOR = 3.75; 95% CI: 1.96, 7.18], acute lower respiratory tract infection [AOR = 14.57, 95% CI: 3.18, 66.78], acute upper respiratory tract infection [AOR = 9.06; 95% CI: 2.03, 40.42], and presence of separate kitchen [AOR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.20, 0.72] were associated with community-acquired pneumonia.ConclusionIn this study, the percentage of community-acquired pneumonia was relatively high. Hence, we recommend adequate health education in areas such as nutritional intervention, the prevention and early treatment of diarrhea and acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI), and preventing indoor air pollution to reduce the risk of community-acquired pneumonia.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1511263/fullAwi Zonecommunity acquired pneumoniadeterminantsupper respiratory tract infectionunder-five children
spellingShingle Nigussie Adam Birhan
Alene Yirsaw Workineh
Zelalem Meraf Wolde
Emebiet Abich
Gedif Mulat Alemayehu
Atalaye Nigussie
Yenew Alemu
Chalachew Alemie Messfin
Denekew Bitew Belay
Denekew Bitew Belay
Determinants of community-acquired pneumonia among under-five children in Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia
Frontiers in Public Health
Awi Zone
community acquired pneumonia
determinants
upper respiratory tract infection
under-five children
title Determinants of community-acquired pneumonia among under-five children in Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia
title_full Determinants of community-acquired pneumonia among under-five children in Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia
title_fullStr Determinants of community-acquired pneumonia among under-five children in Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia
title_full_unstemmed Determinants of community-acquired pneumonia among under-five children in Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia
title_short Determinants of community-acquired pneumonia among under-five children in Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia
title_sort determinants of community acquired pneumonia among under five children in awi zone northwest ethiopia
topic Awi Zone
community acquired pneumonia
determinants
upper respiratory tract infection
under-five children
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1511263/full
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