On the Ionosphere–Atmosphere–Lithosphere Coupling During the 9 November 2022 Italian Earthquake
In the last decades, the scientific community has been focused on searching earthquake signatures in the Earth’s atmosphere, ionosphere, and magnetosphere. This work investigates an offshore Mw 5.5 earthquake that struck off the Marche region’s coast (Italy) on 9 November 2022, with a focus on the p...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Mirko Piersanti Giulia D’Angelo Dario Recchiuti Fabio Lepreti Paola Cusano Enza De Lauro Vincenzo Carbone Pietro Ubertini Mariarosaria Falanga |
| author_facet | Mirko Piersanti Giulia D’Angelo Dario Recchiuti Fabio Lepreti Paola Cusano Enza De Lauro Vincenzo Carbone Pietro Ubertini Mariarosaria Falanga |
| author_sort | Mirko Piersanti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the last decades, the scientific community has been focused on searching earthquake signatures in the Earth’s atmosphere, ionosphere, and magnetosphere. This work investigates an offshore Mw 5.5 earthquake that struck off the Marche region’s coast (Italy) on 9 November 2022, with a focus on the potential coupling between the Earth’s lithosphere, atmosphere, and magnetosphere triggered by the seismic event. Analysis of atmospheric temperature data from ERA5 reveals a significant increase in potential energy (Ep) at the earthquake’s epicenter, consistent with the generation of Atmospheric Gravity Waves (AGWs). This finding is further corroborated by the MILC analytical model, which accurately simulates the observed Ep trends (within 5%), supporting the theory of Lithosphere–Atmosphere–Ionosphere–Magnetosphere coupling. The study also examines the vertical Total Electron Content (vTEC) and finds notable fluctuations at the epicenter, exhibiting periodicities (7–12 min) characteristic of AGWs and traveling ionospheric disturbances. The correlation between ERA5 observations and MILC model predictions, particularly in temperature deviations and Ep distributions, strengthens the hypothesis that earthquake-generated AGWs impact atmospheric conditions at high altitudes, leading to observable ionospheric perturbations. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of Lithosphere–Atmosphere–Ionosphere–Magnetosphere coupling mechanisms and the potential for developing reliable earthquake prediction tools. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cb24d9d2e49b4427b0e5994772778765 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-3263 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Geosciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-cb24d9d2e49b4427b0e59947727787652025-01-24T13:34:12ZengMDPI AGGeosciences2076-32632025-01-011512210.3390/geosciences15010022On the Ionosphere–Atmosphere–Lithosphere Coupling During the 9 November 2022 Italian EarthquakeMirko Piersanti0Giulia D’Angelo1Dario Recchiuti2Fabio Lepreti3Paola Cusano4Enza De Lauro5Vincenzo Carbone6Pietro Ubertini7Mariarosaria Falanga8Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, ItalyDepartment of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, ItalyNational Institue of Astrophysics, IAPS, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 00133 Rome, ItalyPhysics Department, University of Calabria, Ponte Pietro Bucci, 87036 Cosenza, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Napoli—Osservatorio Vesuviano, Via Diocleziano, 80125 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Information and Electric Engineering and Applied Mathematics, University of Salerno, Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Salerno, ItalyPhysics Department, University of Calabria, Ponte Pietro Bucci, 87036 Cosenza, ItalyNational Institue of Astrophysics, IAPS, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 00133 Rome, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Napoli—Osservatorio Vesuviano, Via Diocleziano, 80125 Naples, ItalyIn the last decades, the scientific community has been focused on searching earthquake signatures in the Earth’s atmosphere, ionosphere, and magnetosphere. This work investigates an offshore Mw 5.5 earthquake that struck off the Marche region’s coast (Italy) on 9 November 2022, with a focus on the potential coupling between the Earth’s lithosphere, atmosphere, and magnetosphere triggered by the seismic event. Analysis of atmospheric temperature data from ERA5 reveals a significant increase in potential energy (Ep) at the earthquake’s epicenter, consistent with the generation of Atmospheric Gravity Waves (AGWs). This finding is further corroborated by the MILC analytical model, which accurately simulates the observed Ep trends (within 5%), supporting the theory of Lithosphere–Atmosphere–Ionosphere–Magnetosphere coupling. The study also examines the vertical Total Electron Content (vTEC) and finds notable fluctuations at the epicenter, exhibiting periodicities (7–12 min) characteristic of AGWs and traveling ionospheric disturbances. The correlation between ERA5 observations and MILC model predictions, particularly in temperature deviations and Ep distributions, strengthens the hypothesis that earthquake-generated AGWs impact atmospheric conditions at high altitudes, leading to observable ionospheric perturbations. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of Lithosphere–Atmosphere–Ionosphere–Magnetosphere coupling mechanisms and the potential for developing reliable earthquake prediction tools.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/15/1/22earthquakeatmospheric gravity wavesionospheric irregularitieslithosphere–atmosphere–ionosphere couplinganalytical modelCoulomb software |
| spellingShingle | Mirko Piersanti Giulia D’Angelo Dario Recchiuti Fabio Lepreti Paola Cusano Enza De Lauro Vincenzo Carbone Pietro Ubertini Mariarosaria Falanga On the Ionosphere–Atmosphere–Lithosphere Coupling During the 9 November 2022 Italian Earthquake Geosciences earthquake atmospheric gravity waves ionospheric irregularities lithosphere–atmosphere–ionosphere coupling analytical model Coulomb software |
| title | On the Ionosphere–Atmosphere–Lithosphere Coupling During the 9 November 2022 Italian Earthquake |
| title_full | On the Ionosphere–Atmosphere–Lithosphere Coupling During the 9 November 2022 Italian Earthquake |
| title_fullStr | On the Ionosphere–Atmosphere–Lithosphere Coupling During the 9 November 2022 Italian Earthquake |
| title_full_unstemmed | On the Ionosphere–Atmosphere–Lithosphere Coupling During the 9 November 2022 Italian Earthquake |
| title_short | On the Ionosphere–Atmosphere–Lithosphere Coupling During the 9 November 2022 Italian Earthquake |
| title_sort | on the ionosphere atmosphere lithosphere coupling during the 9 november 2022 italian earthquake |
| topic | earthquake atmospheric gravity waves ionospheric irregularities lithosphere–atmosphere–ionosphere coupling analytical model Coulomb software |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/15/1/22 |
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