Phlorizin Protects Against Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Model
Background:<i></i>Sweet Tea (Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd.), a traditional ethnobotanical medicine, contains phlorizin, a dihydrochalcone compound with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Given the critical role of oxidative stress and inflammation in age-related macular deg...
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| author | Zhen-Yu Liao Chih-Yu Hung Yu-Jou Hsu I-Chia Liang Yi-Chun Chen Chao-Hsien Sung Chi-Feng Hung |
| author_facet | Zhen-Yu Liao Chih-Yu Hung Yu-Jou Hsu I-Chia Liang Yi-Chun Chen Chao-Hsien Sung Chi-Feng Hung |
| author_sort | Zhen-Yu Liao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background:<i></i>Sweet Tea (Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd.), a traditional ethnobotanical medicine, contains phlorizin, a dihydrochalcone compound with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Given the critical role of oxidative stress and inflammation in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), this study tested the hypothesis that phlorizin mitigates oxidative damage and inflammation in AMD models, thereby offering therapeutic potential. Materials and Methods: Adult retinal pigmented epithelial cells (ARPE-19) were pre-treated with phlorizin (0.01–0.1 μM) and subjected to oxidative stress induced by ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation or sodium iodate (NaIO<sub>3</sub>). Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, MAPK/NF-κB signaling, and the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) and pro-angiogenic factors (VEGF, MMP2, MMP9) expression were assessed using MTT assays, fluorescence imaging, Western blotting, and RT-qPCR. In vivo, a laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) mouse model was used to evaluate phlorizin’s effects on CNV formation and vascular leakage via fundus photography and fluorescence angiography. Result: Phlorizin significantly enhanced cell viability, reduced ROS production, inhibited MAPK/NF-κB activation, and downregulated inflammatory and angiogenic mediators. In vivo studies confirmed the reduced CNV formation and vascular leakage following the phlorizin treatment. Conclusions: Phlorizin demonstrated significant protective effects against oxidative stress and inflammation, highlighting its therapeutic potential for treating AMD. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cb23c8446b3a498e90fc0dbfd1d4f7dc |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2218-273X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomolecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-cb23c8446b3a498e90fc0dbfd1d4f7dc2025-08-20T03:14:21ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2025-04-0115452310.3390/biom15040523Phlorizin Protects Against Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration ModelZhen-Yu Liao0Chih-Yu Hung1Yu-Jou Hsu2I-Chia Liang3Yi-Chun Chen4Chao-Hsien Sung5Chi-Feng Hung6Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111, TaiwanDepartment of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, TaiwanPhD Program in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, TaiwanNational Defense Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, TaiwanPhD Program in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, TaiwanPhD Program in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, TaiwanPhD Program in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, TaiwanBackground:<i></i>Sweet Tea (Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd.), a traditional ethnobotanical medicine, contains phlorizin, a dihydrochalcone compound with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Given the critical role of oxidative stress and inflammation in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), this study tested the hypothesis that phlorizin mitigates oxidative damage and inflammation in AMD models, thereby offering therapeutic potential. Materials and Methods: Adult retinal pigmented epithelial cells (ARPE-19) were pre-treated with phlorizin (0.01–0.1 μM) and subjected to oxidative stress induced by ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation or sodium iodate (NaIO<sub>3</sub>). Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, MAPK/NF-κB signaling, and the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) and pro-angiogenic factors (VEGF, MMP2, MMP9) expression were assessed using MTT assays, fluorescence imaging, Western blotting, and RT-qPCR. In vivo, a laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) mouse model was used to evaluate phlorizin’s effects on CNV formation and vascular leakage via fundus photography and fluorescence angiography. Result: Phlorizin significantly enhanced cell viability, reduced ROS production, inhibited MAPK/NF-κB activation, and downregulated inflammatory and angiogenic mediators. In vivo studies confirmed the reduced CNV formation and vascular leakage following the phlorizin treatment. Conclusions: Phlorizin demonstrated significant protective effects against oxidative stress and inflammation, highlighting its therapeutic potential for treating AMD.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/4/523phlorizinage-related macular degenerationretinal pigment epithelial cellsinflammationoxidative stress |
| spellingShingle | Zhen-Yu Liao Chih-Yu Hung Yu-Jou Hsu I-Chia Liang Yi-Chun Chen Chao-Hsien Sung Chi-Feng Hung Phlorizin Protects Against Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Model Biomolecules phlorizin age-related macular degeneration retinal pigment epithelial cells inflammation oxidative stress |
| title | Phlorizin Protects Against Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Model |
| title_full | Phlorizin Protects Against Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Model |
| title_fullStr | Phlorizin Protects Against Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phlorizin Protects Against Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Model |
| title_short | Phlorizin Protects Against Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Model |
| title_sort | phlorizin protects against oxidative stress and inflammation in age related macular degeneration model |
| topic | phlorizin age-related macular degeneration retinal pigment epithelial cells inflammation oxidative stress |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/4/523 |
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